The Alpine race is a minor race (anthropological type) as part of a Caucasoid race . Selected at the end of the XIX century. French anthropologist and sociologist Georges Lapughem (as homo alpinus ). Subsequently, it was consistently distinguished by anthropologists: W. Ripley , M. Grant , L. Stoddard, J. Montadon, J. Chekanovsky , K. Kun used this term, I. Deniker called this race “Western European”, E. Eykstedt - “Alpinidas ”, G. Gunter -“ Eastern ”, B. Lundman -“ Western Alpine ”. In later years after the transition of anthropologists to the population approach, the name "Alpine race" was used only sporadically. The Alpine type can be considered as a branch of the Balkan-Caucasian race [1] .
Eastern mountaineers are called Gorida ( B. Lundman ) or Carpathians (VV Bunak [2] ).
Physical signs
The Alpine race is characterized by below-average growth , a hypersthenic physique , a low and broad face , a steep forehead with weakly pronounced eyebrows, a sharp brachycephalia , a dark (from chestnut to black) pigmentation of hair and eye iris.
Spread
Traditionally, the majority of the Swiss population is classified as an alpine race [3] and adjacent areas: eastern France , northwestern Italy and southwestern Germany . According to more recent studies, Switzerland is excluded from the alpine zone: dark pigmentation of the eyes and hair is not predominant here [4] . In the east, the boundaries of the alpine race reach the middle Dnieper [2] .
Origin
According to William Ripley and Carlton Kuhn , the Alpine race prevails in Central, Southern and Eastern Europe and parts of West and Central Asia. W. Ripley claimed that the climbers came from Asia and spread westward with the rise and expansion of agriculture, which they rooted in Europe. Migrating to Central Europe, they divided the northern and southern branches of the early European foundation, creating conditions for the separate evolution of the Nordics and the Mediterranean . This model was reflected in Madison Grant’s book , The Decline of the Great Race (1916), in which alpinists were portrayed as the most common of the European and West Asian races. However, Carlton Kun, in his races of Europe, developed a different argument, based on the fact that they represent a radical reduced Upper Paleolithic population of Europe [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Alpine type of Balkan-Caucasian race
- ↑ 1 2 Alekseeva TI. Ethnogenesis of Eastern Slavs. - M .: MSU, 1973 - c. 232
- ↑ Gene, mutation and human evolution
- ↑ Bunak V.V. Anthropology of Western Europe in modern foreign literature // Races and peoples. № 1. - 1971. - p. 99
- ↑ The Races of Europe by Carleton S. Coon
Links
- Alpine type // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Alpine race
See also
- Anthropological types of Caucasians