Cross-cultural competence (literacy) ( English cross-cultural competence ) is the field of psychology that is responsible for the formation of a person's understanding of the culture of others. Cross-cultural competence is based on the realization that diversity is an objective characteristic of world culture and the driving force behind its development. Various aspects of the formation of cross-cultural competence, the levels of its formation are considered in the work of R. Henvey "Achievable global perspective."
Research R. Henvey:
R. Henvey identifies 4 levels of cross-cultural literacy. At level I, a person gets acquainted with superficial, conspicuous oddities. These features become commonplace stereotypes and are perceived as something exotic. At levels II and III, we penetrate the essence of the deep features of culture, contrasting with our own. But if at the II level these features annoy with their absurdity and dissimilarity, then at III they already seem to be justified in their own way, to some extent rational. Only at IV level is the perception of culture possible through the eyes of its carrier. This level is difficult to achieve, but the person’s ability to change psychological orientation makes it possible to achieve at least several aspects of level IV. This will help a special property of the human person - the ability to see oneself in the place of another person.
The mission of cross-cultural competence.
Cross-cultural competence is designed to cultivate empathy and trans-speciation, respect for other people's points of view, traditions and cultures, readiness for peaceful resolution of conflicts. Empathy is the ability to see oneself in the place of another person, and transection is the next step in mental development - it is an attempt to think and feel like the other person does, to associate themselves with him, taking as his beliefs and beliefs. Transspection differs from empathy in that empathy is the ability to experience in one’s own soul everything that another person feels, but brought up in the same system of consciousness, and transection is penetration into other people's beliefs, beliefs, views, ability to get used to an alien emotional context 1. In modern society there are more people with this ability than in traditional, because the representative of an industrial urbanized society often has to change social roles. But the willingness to understand and share the beliefs and feelings of other people will not be formed by itself. Cross-cultural literacy can be interpreted as a component of global education, providing multidimensional approaches and cultural pluralism.
Content of intercultural interaction competencies
| Key competencies | Core competencies | Special competencies |
|---|---|---|
| Awareness of cross-cultural differences and traits as necessary elements of coexistence | Mastery of the basics of the application of technology and information technology in educational and research processes | Knowledge of cultural differences in intercultural interaction, awareness of cultural identity |
| The ability to socially adapt, to rethink and change their position, taking into account the sociocultural context | Proficiency in business, foreign and intercultural style and communication language | Ability to make independent decisions with direct intercultural interaction |
| Understanding a foreign language as a means of communication and building a real picture of the world | Proficiency in creating a non-conflict, comfortable psychological environment for interaction | Conflict-free interaction skills |
| The ability to self-esteem and reflection in the context of intercultural interaction | Sociability, cooperativeness for cooperation | |
| Ability to empathy, ethnorelativism and tolerance |
Notes
Literature
- Hasanov Z. T. National relations and education of a culture of interethnic communication // Pedagogy. 1996. No. 6. S. 51-55.
- Grushevitskaya T. G., Popkov V. D., Sadokhin A. P. Fundamentals of intercultural communication: Textbook for universities / ed. A.P. Sadokhin. - M.: UNITY-DANA, - 2002. - 352 p.
- Kenneth Wayne Education and Tolerance // Higher Education in Europe. 1997. No. 2. P.16.
- Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007. "
- Korotaev A.V. George Peter Murdoch and the School of Cross-Cultural Studies // Bulletin: Anthropology, Minorities, Multiculturalism 3 (2003): 19-74