Charles Kinnaird Graham ( June 3, 1824 - April 15, 1889 ) is an employee of the U.S. Navy, attorney and general of the federal army during the Civil War in the United States . After the war, he served as a civil engineer and participated in the design of Central Park in New York.
| Charles Kinneard Graham | |
|---|---|
 Charles Graham | |
| Date of Birth | June 3, 1824 |
| Place of Birth | New York |
| Date of death | April 15, 1889 (64 years old) |
| Place of death | Lakewood, New Jersey |
| Affiliation | USA |
| Type of army | U.S. Army |
| Years of service | 1841 - 1848 1861–1865 |
| Rank |  midshipman  Brigadier General |
| Commanded | 74th New York Regiment |
| Battles / wars | U.S. Civil War
|
Early years
Graham was born in New York , in October 1841, he entered the navy at the age of 17 and served as mid-manager in the Gulf of Mexico during the Mexican War. He resigned in May 1848, began to study engineering and after 1857 served as an engineer at the New York Shipyard .
Civil War
When the civil war broke out, Graham joined the federal army and became a colonel in the 74th New York Infantry Regiment , one of the regiments of the Excelsior Brigade . He resigned on April 10, 1862, but returned on May 26 and participated in a campaign on the peninsula. [1] On March 15, 1863, he received the rank of brigadier general of a volunteer army and took command of the 1st brigade of the 1st division of the III Corps of the Potomac Army . Graham's brigade consisted of six Pennsylvania regiments [2] :
- 57th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
- 63rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
- 68th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
- 105th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
- 114th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
- 141st Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The Graham Brigade took part in the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863. When Emiel Whipple , commander of the 3rd Division, was assassinated, Graham temporarily assumed command of that division.
When the Gettysburg campaign began, Graham again commanded the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division.
Graham's brigade came to Gettysburg among the first brigades of the Byrne division, on the evening of July 1. On the morning of July 2, Corps General Sickles was ordered to deploy his units on the Cemetery Range, but he decided to occupy the dominant height in front of his front, on which the Sherfy's Peach Garden is located. and most importantly, at a height in the garden, Sickles set up a Graham brigade. She was entrusted with a 500-meter front section: from the southern edge of the Peach Garden to the road to Trostl's farm. Pencilian regiments occupied this line: 105th, 57th, 114th, 68th and 141st. The 63rd Pennsylvania Regiment was deployed in a picket chain in front of the regiments. To the left of this position was an empty space 500 meters wide - to the height of Stony Hill. Byrne decided to close this hole by deploying the 3rd Michigan (from the Ward brigade) and the 3rd Mans (from the Trobriand brigade) regiments into the rifle chain . Ames and Clark artillery batteries were installed here. John Bucklin's Rhode Island battery stood at the front of the barn of Sherfy’s farm to the west. Thus, when the shooting started, Birni had 2,000 infantry and three batteries at a position where 3,000 infantry should have been with a strong reserve [3] .
Already under fire from the enemy’s guns, Birni began to transfer additional units to the garden. He transferred the Burling brigade from the Hemfries division to Graham’s rear, and then took two regiments (2nd New Hampshire and 7 New Jersey) and added them to the line of the Graham brigade [4] .
When the Longstreet division launched an attack on the Peach Orchard, Graham's brigade came under attack by the Barksdale Mississippi brigade and began to retreat. Graham later wrote that his brigade had fled three times and that he had restored order three times. Graham himself was twice wounded, the horse under him was killed, and a random bullet knocked out an officer saber from his hand. When the brigade finally lost its order, Graham was still trying to bring her back to battle: he saw some regiment and headed towards him, but it turned out to be the 21st Mississippi regiment of the Barksdale brigade. A horse was killed by a musket salvo near Graham and he was captured. He was taken to the rear, and then transferred three miles from the battlefield, where he spent the night. The next day he was offered conditional release, but he refused, because there was still hope that the cavalry would repel him [5] .
Graham was sent to Richmond, and on September 19, exchanged for James Kemper .
After his recovery, he was placed at the disposal of Major General Benjamin Butler and served in a flotilla on the James River, commanding a brigade called the Naval Brigade, in particular, participating in the battle for Fort Fisher. When the federal army returned from Fort Fisher to Virginia, Graham commanded the fortifications at Bermuda Handred, and then the Norfolk garrison. In March 1865, he received the temporary rank of Major General of the Volunteer Army.
Post-war activities
After the war, Graham returned to New York and again engaged in engineering. From 1878 to 1883 he served as inspector of the New York Port.
He died of pneumonia in Lockwood, New Jersey, and was buried in the Woodlan Cemetery in the Bronx, New York.
Notes
- ↑ 74th New York Infantry Regiment
- ↑ First Division Army of the Potomac, march 1863
- ↑ Pfanz, 1987 , p. 304.
- ↑ Pfanz, 1987 , p. 304 - 305.
- ↑ Gen. Charles K. Graham's account of his capture at Gettysburg
Literature
- Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3 .
- Pfanz, Harry. Gettysburg, The second day. - Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987 .-- 601 p. - ISBN 080781749x .