Daniel ( Daniel ; Lat. Daniel ; died no earlier than 788 or 791 ) - Bishop of Narbonne in the 760s - 790s.
| Daniel | ||
|---|---|---|
| lat Daniel | ||
| ||
| 760s - 790s | ||
| Predecessor | Sunifred or Aribert | |
| Successor | Nibridium | |
| Death | not earlier than 788 or 791 | |
Biography
Getting the Narbonne Chair
After the Arab conquest, Narbon in 719 / 720-759 was under the rule of the Moors . At the end of the 750s, after Franks conquered Septimania from the Arabs and included it into the Frankish state , the dioceses that existed under the Visigoths were restored on these lands: , , , , , Carcassonne and Eln . All of them were included in the . In the 760s, the diocese of Toulouse also entered the metropolis, and in the 780s - 800s, the , , Urgel and Barcelona dioceses [1] [2] .
About the origin and early years of Daniel's life, information in historical sources has not been preserved. The first evidence of him dates back to 769, when he was already the head of the Narbonne Metropolis [3] . It is not exactly established when Daniel ascended the episcopal chair . The previous reliably known Narbon bishop was Sunifred , the last mention of which dates back to 689. Information about the bearers of episcopal authority in Narbon during the period of Arab rule was not preserved [4] [5] [6] [7] . The undated letter of Pope Stephen to the Narbonne Archbishop Aribert has survived to our time. According to some researchers, this is a genuine document, which may date back to the pontificate of Stephen III (IV) . They date the message 768 or 769 year. Based on this, it is concluded that Daniel was to occupy the episcopal throne no earlier than 768. Other historians do not exclude the possibility that Stefan’s letter to Aribert is a later fake. In this case, Daniel could become the head of the Narbonne Metropolis earlier than 768 [5] [8] .
Roman Cathedral
The Liber Pontificalis preserved acts of a held in Rome on April 12-14, 769, at which Antipope Constantine II was convicted and the issue of veneration of icons was discussed. Twelve Frankish hierarchs participated in the meetings of the synod: Archbishop Sansa Viliharius , Bishop Mo Wulfran , Bishop Mainz Lull , Bishop Tura Gavian , Bishop Lyon Adon , Bishop Narva Birzmin Germain , Bishop Bishop of Wormes , Bishop of Vorbonne , Wormes Reims Turpin and Bishop of Noyon Gislebert [9] . In a medieval manuscript kept in Avignon , it is reported that these prelates were sent to Rome by Kings Charlemagne and Carloman [3] [ 3] at the request of the newly elected Pope Stephen III (IV).
The acts of the Roman Council of 769 are the first accurately dated evidence of Daniel as head of the Narbonne Metropolis [5] [7] . This is also the first reliable evidence of the visit by the heads of the Narbon diocese of Rome and their participation in papal church cathedrals [3] . It is assumed that it was with the participation of Daniel in the Roman Council of 769 that the beginning of the claims of the heads of the Narbon Metropolis to the archbishopric dignity, which they did not possess during the existence of the Visigoth kingdom, was connected. As Archbishop Daniel is mentioned in the charter of 782, but sources such as acts of the 788 and the Chronicle of Uzes call him only the bishop. This indicates that Daniel probably was not able to achieve the right to the archbishop dignity [3] .
Charlemagne's Trustee
In the summer of 782, Daniel accompanied four King Charles the Great on a trip to Septimania, among whom was Count Girona Rostan . When those people visited Narbonne, the bishop asked them for assistance in returning his diocese of possessions and property that had previously passed into the hands of private individuals. Among the main culprits of the rejection of church lands, according to Daniel, was Narbonne Count . A court hearing held on June 3, attended by royal envoys, representatives of the clergy and other noble persons, decided to satisfy the request of the head of the Narbon Metropolis. This decision was justified by the fact that the count seized the church property without royal permission. As a result of the Narbonne diocese, more than fifty suburban estates, as well as three churches, were returned. This significantly increased the welfare of the diocese [3] [11] [12] .
Daniel is also mentioned in a document dated July 5, 782 [5] , in which the bishop and Count of Girona Rostan confirmed the charitable charter of the Narbon diocese given by Count [13] .
Recent years
Daniel and Archbishop Arles Elifant presided over the , held on June 27, 788 or 791 in Narbonne. The clergy participated in the clergy of the Narbon and Arles metropolises, as well as some other dioceses of Southern Francia : twenty-six bishops and two bishop representatives were present. The cathedral was convened at the initiative of Charlemagne. This ruler of the Frankish state, having joined the northern lands of the former Visigoth kingdom with the 770s and 780s, was interested in the speedy integration of the new lands. In particular, he took measures to restore the dogmatic unity of the Spanish and Gallic Churches. The main theme of the cathedral was a discussion of the conformity to the church canons of the Adoptian views of Felix of Urhelsky , whose diocese , after being liberated from the Moors in 785, was included in the Narbon Metropolis. As a result, the theological theories of Felix Urkhelsky and his associate Elipand Toledsky were found to be erroneous [14] [15] [16] .
Acts of Narbonne Cathedral - the latest testimony of Daniel in modern sources. In a later Chronicle of Uzès, Daniel is mentioned in the description of the events of 790 [6] . It is believed that he could still be alive in 793 when during the raid of the Moors led by , the suburbs of Narbon were burned, and the Franks under the command of Guillaume Zhelonsky were defeated in on the banks of the river [3] [17] . The next head of the Narbon Metropolitanate was Nybrid , first mentioned in that capacity in 799 [2] [4] [5] [6] .
Notes
- ↑ Duchesne L., 1907 , p. 302.
- ↑ 1 2 Arquebisbat de Narbona (Catalan) . Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana . Date of treatment November 1, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Griffe É., 1933 , p. 91-96.
- ↑ 1 2 Histoire générale de Languedoc (IV), 1872 , p. 245.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Duchesne L., 1907 , p. 304-305.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Griffe É., 1933 , p. 241.
- ↑ 1 2 Pangerl DC Daniel, Bishof von Narbonne // Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon . - Bautz: Nordhausen, 2010 .-- Bd. Xxxi. - ISBN 978-3-88309-544-8 . Archived January 8, 2010.
- ↑ Histoire générale de Languedoc (I), 1872 , p. 1014.
- ↑ Concilium Romanum . - Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Concilia aevi Karolini ITI - Hannover & Leipzig: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani, 1906. - P. 74-92.
- ↑ Fisquet MH La France Pontificale. Métropole d'Aix. Aix, Arles, Embrun. Première partie . - Paris: E. Repos, Libraire-Éditeur, 1864. - P. 496-497.
- ↑ Histoire générale de Languedoc (I), 1872 , p. 876-877.
- ↑ Miló (Catalan.) . Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Date of treatment November 1, 2015.
- ↑ Rostany (Catalan.) . Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Date of treatment November 1, 2015.
- ↑ Histoire générale de Languedoc (I), 1872 , p. 887-889.
- ↑ Griffe É., 1933 , p. 94–95 & 246–251.
- ↑ Ponsich P., Orteg i Mata R. Catalunya carolínga . - Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2006 .-- T. II. - P. 511-513. - ISBN 978-8-4728-3878-9 .
- ↑ Hagermann D. Charlemagne. - M .: Publishing House AST LLC: NPP Ermak CJSC, 2003. - P. 319. - ISBN 5-17-018682-7 .
Literature
- Dom. C. Devic and Dom. J. Vaissete. Histoire générale de Languedoc . - Toulouse: Édouard Privat, Libraire-Éditeur, 1872. - T. I. - 1290 p.
- Dom. C. Devic and Dom. J. Vaissete. Histoire générale de Languedoc . - Toulouse: Édouard Privat, Libraire-Éditeur, 1872. - T. IV. - 1048 p.
- Duchesne L. Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule. Tome I: Provinces du Sud-Est . - Paris: Albert Fontemoing, Éditeur, 1907. - 376 p.
- Griffe É. Histoire Religieuse des Anciens Pays de l'Aude. Tome I. Des Origines Chrétiennes a la Fin de l'Epoque Carolingienne . - Paris: Auguste Picard, 1933 .-- 297 p.