Kuzmichyov, Egor Kuzmich

Born in 1867 in the small village of Vasilyevskoye, Kulpinskaya volost, Volokolamsk district, Moscow province. Parents were peasants, his father was engaged in gilding, knew literacy.

Egor, a nine-year-old boy, went to study in a village school, where he studied until his father died.

At the age of thirteen, he began to study gilding craft in his house, which, after the death of his father, was engaged in by his older brother (also Yegor). Then he reads a lot and often draws. The first books read - “ Bova Korolevich ”, “Guac”, “Franzel Venetian”, “Thunderbolt”, “ Prince of Silver ”, “Yapancha, Tatar rider”, “Storm in still waters” ( Pazukhin ). So he lived until the age of 16, when the gilding work in the house stopped and he was sent to Moscow to work ^[1] .

After living for three years in Moscow, he returned to the village, where he married, again taking up farming and gilding.

The elder brother separated and went to Moscow for free life, the middle brother Pavel served in the soldiers, and Yegor remained with his mother, wife and children to do the housework.

I managed to re-develop the iconostasis business through which I became acquainted with the “privileged class” - priests, merchants, and teachers. He took books and magazines from them (" Niva ", " Homeland ", " Around the World ").

When the middle brother Pavel returned, they began to write out the newspaper Svet, Komarov’s publications, and more time appeared for reading.

When Yegor Kuzmich was 32 years old, accidentally read a poem by a peasant friend A.N. Kotov on the topic of a bitter peasant share. Once on business went to Moscow, where he met with the poet Shkulev . He introduced him to Mikhail Leonidovich Leonov (pseudonym - Maxim Goremyka) ^[2] . Yegor Kuzmich showed Kotov’s poem to Leonov, who advised Kotov to read the best Russian authors more in order to know his native language correctly.

Having received advice on what to read, he brought with him to the village books of famous writers: Pushkin , Gogol , Turgenev , Dostoevsky , Goncharov , Grigorovich , L. Tolstoy , Belinsky , Dobrolyubov , G. Uspensky , Garshin , Korolenko , Rubakin , Chekhov , Gorky , Lermontov , Koltsov , Nekrasov , Nikitin , Nadson , Surikov , A. P. Barykova and others. Since then, he devoted himself completely to literature and, on occasion, visited museums, theaters, art galleries.

In 1899 he wrote the first poem. In the same year, Leonov introduced him to the author of village stories S.T. Semenov , who lived 20 miles from the village of Vasilyevskoye. Semenov offered his library, gave direction in physics, chemistry and natural science.

He sent the first poems to Nikolai Alexandrovich Rubakin , who advised not to leave the author's work. He became even more willing to engage in self-education, to write out magazines: “ Russian wealth ”, “ Peace of God ”, “For all”. In 1901, he published poems in the journal Ant (published by G. Fedorovich-Davydov).

A great event in the life of Yegor Kuzmich was his meeting in 1928 with the writer Maxim Gorky. In memory of the meeting, the poet was photographed with him (the photo is in the newspaper "Moscow Village" for June 22, 1929 No. 70 (523)). ^[3]

He spent the last years of his life in the village of Kholstnikovo, Volokolamsk district. He died in 1933 at the age of 66 and was buried at the Vlasyevsky cemetery in Volokolamsk. ^[4] According to other sources, he was buried in the fraternal cemetery in Volokolamsk, next to the grave of revolutionary communist Yevseenko, one of the first chairmen of the Volokolamsk district executive committee . ^[five]

Since 1901, Yegor Kuzmichev’s poems began to be published in the magazines Ant, Children's Reading, Children's Friend ^[1] , Mayak, and collections of the Mediator publication ^[1] .

In Moscow in 1904, the book “Thoughts at work” was published, where on the title page it was written: “ stories and poems by the peasant Egor Kuzmichyov .” Then the collection “Break-Grass” followed, which brought him fame.

It was published on the pages of the collection of the library partnership “Luch”, where in 1906 his stories “By inheritance”, “Big contract”, the poem “Dream” and others were published. His stories began to be found in collections and magazines “To the cherished goal”, “Young Russia” ^[1] , “People’s word”, “The share of the poor”, “Simple word” ^[3] , “Simple life” ^[3] .

In 1907-1912 Kuzmichyov is published under the pseudonym "Peasant E.K., Volokolamsk beggar" (hiding from political repression). ^[3]

The Moscow publishing house "Friend" in 1917 published the 2nd edition of the poetry book "From Darkness" (this was the last book of the pre-revolutionary edition).

After the revolution, the poet actively participates in the proletarian literary movement, prints a number of verses, singing the proletarian revolution. ^[6]

In 1907, Yegor Kuzmich became a member of the Union of Peasant Writers ^[4] .

In 1920-1929 Egor Kuzmich collaborates with the magazines "Labor Field", "City and Village", "Millstone" and "The Way of the Rabelselkor." There are collections with the works of the poet "Chernozem", "Poetry of workers' professions", "Machine", "Spikes". Poems E.K. Kuzmichev printed in anthology, in the monthly literary satirical journal of writers from the people "Clear Falcon" ^[4] .

Egor Kuzmich was a tireless rural correspondent. His poems, stories, and essays are published in the newspapers Pravda ^[1] , Poor Girl, Peasant Newspaper , Moskovskaya Derevnya, Trud ^[1] , Mutual Assistance, Young Leninist, and Rabotnitsa magazines , " Peasant Woman " ^[4] , "Red Plowman" (local edition) ^[1] .

In May 1925, the poet became a member of the I-Moscow Moscow Conference of Peasant Writers, and in June 1929 - a member of the I All-Russian Congress of Peasant Writers. ^[four]

Journalism

In 1920-1930, Kuzmichyov collaborated in the literary and artistic journal Trudova Niva, the magazines City and Village, The Way of the Rabselkor, in the district newspaper Krasny Plowman, Pravda, Peasant Newspaper, and Trud , magazines "Peasant" and "Worker". ^[3]

Participation in rallies

In 1905, Kuzmichyov was one of the active participants in the revolutionary movement in the county. “The year 1905 made a sharp turn in my life, pushing me and my poetry onto the revolutionary path,” recalled E.K. Kuzmichev. ^{[7] [3]}

His first speech at the rally took place on November 21, 1905, at a school in the village of Belaya Kolp . The next speech was held on November 25, at the Kulpinsky volost meeting. Constitutional demands were put forward, reluctance was expressed to give sons to soldiers, to pay royalties. Searches and arrests began. The police began to search for E.K. Kuzmichev. He had to leave his native places and hide in Moscow with friends. ^[3]

Egor Kuzmichyov was a member of the Markov Republic ^[8] .

Police Chief

In March 1917, the peasant poet Yegor Kuzmichyov was elected by the people to the post of head of the Yaropoletsk police station, which included the territories of four volosts of Volokolamsk district - Yaropolska, Kulpinskaya, Lotoshinskaya and Markovskaya. ^{[4] [5]}

For the office of the People’s Police, the Kuzmichyov brothers give half their home. Yegor Kuzmich led the disarmament of the Yaropoletsky police officer and police. ^[3]

MP

After the February Revolution, Yegor Kuzmichyov was elected by the peasants of Volokolamsk Uyezd at the 1st congress of peasant deputies of the Moscow province, held on April 29, 1917. ^[3] In the first days of the formation of Soviet power, Kuzmichev was elected as a deputy of the Volokolamsk County Council of Peasant Deputies, and then to the Moscow Provincial Council of Peasant Deputies.

After the October Revolution

In the early days of the establishment of Soviet power in the county, the poet was involved in establishing cultural life in the countryside. With his participation, people's houses are opened in Kulpin , White Kolpi, in the village of Vasilyevskoye - the club to them. V.I. Lenin (agricultural and choral circles, drama section worked). Kuzmichev often visited the village club, learned new songs with young people, read his poems. ^[3]

The poet conducts numerous experiments in agriculture: the use of various techniques in the cultivation of the land, the introduction of fertilizers into the soil. In 1925, Kuzmichyov was elected a member of the agricultural section of the Moscow City Executive Committee. ^[3]

During this period, his correspondence on agriculture was published: “Miracle Sorting,” “What to Sow,” “Towards a Better Way,” published in the journal New Village ^{[6] [3]} .

The poem "Without a Bar" is dedicated to the events of the completion of the transition of the Volokolamsk Uyezd to a monopoly system in 1927.

In 1929, E.K. Kuzmichyov was one of the first to enter the Kalinin collective farm with his family in the village of Hvorostinino . ^[3]

The grandson of Yegor Kuzmich - theater and film actor Alexander Pavlovich Kuzmichev (born 1944)

On August 30 (31?) 2013, a memorial plaque was unveiled at building No. 21 on Sovetskaya Street in the city of Volokolamsk , where Yegor Kuzmich Kuzmichev lived in 1930-1933 ^[4] .

• Thoughts at work. Stories and poems of the peasant Egor K. Kuzmichyov with a portrait of the author, M. - Dep. t-va Tipo-Lit. I.M. Mashistova, Nikolskaya, d. Sheremetev, 1904
• Great in a row. Story. Publishing house "Ray". 1906
• For help. Story. 1909 (10?) G.
• Under the cross. Story. 1909 (10?) G.
• "Out of the darkness." Poems. 1910 (2nd edition: M. Publishing House "Friend". 1917)

Participation in collections

• Literary collection "Ray". Ed. “Companionable library” - M., Tipo-Lithography Partnership I. Mashistova, Nikolskaya, Cherkassky per., D. Sheremeteva, 1906
• “Clear Morning” Vsevolod Flerov , textbooks for the labor school, the third book for 3 and 4 years of study - M., State Publishing House Moscow (Kuzmichyov’s short story “Towards a Bright Goal”) 1924

Publications in periodicals

• The newspaper "Moscow Village" on July 9, 1925. Section "Literary shoots". Biographical article "The Life of the Peasant-Poet E. Kuzmichyov" and a Poem ("On a Visit", "Under the Frost").

• Anthology of peasant literature of the post-October era, entry. article, selection and ed. A. Revyakina. - M.-L.: GIHL, 1931.
• Vengerov S. A. Critical and biographical dictionary of Russian writers and scholars (from the beginning of Russian education to the present day). - T. I — VI. - St. Petersburg, 1889-1904. - T. 1. A.L. - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2001.640 s. 2065
• Masanov I.F. Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures: In 4 vols. - T. 4. - M., 1960. - P. 261;
• Modern workers and peasants poets. Ivanovo - Voznesensk, 1925, p. 143-144, portr.

Periodicals

• The newspaper "Selskaya nov" July 14, 1964 No. 111 (438) (Volokolamsk) - article by Vadim Kedrov, "Singer of the native land")
• Newspaper Volokolamsk Collective Farmer April 27, 1933 No. 50 (312) - Obituary E. K. Kuzmichev

• Kuzmichyov, Egor Kuzmich // Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary, Direct Media, 2009.
• Kuzmichyov, Egor Kuzmich // Electronic scientific publication "Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures"
• http://uni-persona.srcc.msu.su/site/research/zajonchk/tom4_4/V4P48800.htm