Forklift - a way of organizing the movement of rail passenger block transport ( metro , tram , S-Bahn ), in which the line has a branch and part of the trains go along one branch and part on another.
It differs from the route system (used in most large tram systems and in some subways) in that the "bundles" of routes are collected (usually in the central part of the city) in more or less independent lines from each other. Some networks (for example, the London Underground ) are difficult to unambiguously attribute in character to routing or linear-fork.
Content
- 1 Examples
- 2 advantages
- 3 disadvantages
- 4 See also
Examples
Fork movement is not typical for subways within the former USSR.
In the Moscow Metro , it is currently used in only two places:
- on the Filyovskaya line : some trains go to the Kuntsevskaya station , and some go to the Mezhdunarodnaya station
- on the Big Ring Line / Solntsevskaya Line : trains go from the Savelovskaya station to the Shelepikha station , then either to the Delovoy Tsentr station , or via the connecting line through the Park Pobedy station to the Rasskazovka station of the Solntsevskaya line.
From December 1984 to November 1995, the Kakhovskaya line was an offshoot of Zamoskvoretskaya , but then was separated into a separate line. Due to certain principles in the organization of movement, this fork still exists: some trains with passengers (when moving south) leave from the Zamoskvoretskaya line to the Varshavskaya station (call at the Zamoskvoretskaya depot), and those leaving the depot follow from Varshavskaya "To " Khovrino . "
From the moment of its opening on May 15, 1935 and until March 13, 1938, the current section of the Filyovskaya line “Alexander Garden - Kievskaya” was a branch of the Sokolnicheskaya line from the Okhotny Ryad station.
Fork movement was used in the Nizhny Novgorod Metro from 2012 to 2018 - after the launch of the Gorkovskaya station and before the opening of the Strelka station of the Sormovo-Meshcherskaya line . From the Park Kultury station, trains went to the Moskovskaya station, after which every third train went to the Burevestnik station of the Sormovsk-Meshcherskaya line, and two of the three went to the Gorkovskaya station of the Avtozavodskaya line .
Fork movement is also used on the main line of the Baku metro . The red line bifurcates after the May 28 station. One train goes to the Darnagul station, and the other to Icheri Sheher.
Outside the former USSR, the fork movement is quite common in subways. For example, it applies:
- on all three lines of the Stockholm metro ,
- on the east side of the only line of the Helsinki metro ,
- on the 9th and 10th lines of the Barcelona Metro ,
- on the south side of the 7th and on the north side of the 13th line of the Paris metro , as well as on all five RER lines,
- on the 1st line of the Brussels metro ,
- on most lines of the London Underground (and in a complex combination with route traffic),
- on most lines of the New York subway ,
- on the Green line of the Chicago metro (and in combination with route traffic),
- on the Green and Red lines of the Boston subway ,
- on all lines of the Washington metro except Krasnaya,
- in the Brasilia metro (where the two lines, Green and Yellow, actually form one line with a fork on the southwest side),
- in the Shanghai metro (the third line has a common section with the fourth, ring),
- on the 6th line of the Chongqing subway ,
- on a number of Tokyo subway lines
and in many other subways .
Advantages
The organization of fork traffic allows you to reduce the number of transfers, reduce the time spent by a passenger, and reduce the cost of construction by refusing to build additional transfer stations.
Weaknesses
The main disadvantage of the fork movement should be considered the difficulty of its application with a high load on the line, when the required aggregate pairing on both branches of the line is greater than is possible on a common section. The need to consider the movement for two forks complicates the dispatching organization, especially when the schedule fails. Usually, when the load on the plug increases, they try to “expand” the movement, convert one of the forks (less loaded) into an independent line. Another drawback is that you need to wait for the train in the direction you need.
See also
- Shuttle movement