General Directorate of Social Affairs (CCP Intelligence)

During the war with Japan , at the 6th plenary session of the CPC Central Committee in November 1938, it was decided to create a special intelligence and counterintelligence body, called the "Main Directorate for Social Affairs" ("Shehueybu" in Chinese, 中央 社会 部 , in Russian Literature also contains variants of the name “Department of Social Inquiries”, “Bureau of Political Protection”). At the initial stage of the organization’s functioning, the CPC leadership also called it the “Central Commission for Operations in the Territories Occupied by the Enemy." The headquarters of the Office was located at the main CPC base in Yanan , Shanxi Province. In 1939, on the territory of Yan'an, under the guidance of specialists from the GRU and the NKVD of the USSR , a secret intelligence school was opened under the name "East Munich Institute", where Chinese were trained in intelligence and counterintelligence activities ^[1] . The training course lasted about a year, the number of each issue was about 300 people, whose names were strictly classified. Candidates for the cadets of intelligence schools were carefully selected by the leadership of the CPC in China and the leadership of the Comintern in Moscow.

From 1938 to 1945 (according to other sources - to 1948), Shahueibu was led by Kang Sheng , and from 1948-1949 - Lee Kenung . Kang Sheng, who had worked in the Comintern’s apparatus for several years in Moscow before arriving in Yannan, returned from there as an ardent anti-adviser and supporter of Yezhov’s methods, which he planted in Shehuiiba ^[2] .

The tasks of Shehweib in the directive of the 1940 CPC Central Committee Secretariat on subversive work behind the enemy front line were defined as follows:

• A. Gathering intelligence to better familiarize yourself with the situation and learn from experience.
• B. The use of accessible public relations to mask the locations of operations, their execution and their consequences.
• B. To recruit and form personnel capable of working in the territory occupied by the enemy, depending on their social origin, experience of secret work accumulated in cities, capable of organizing reliable cover, providing clandestine communication and preparing comrades able to penetrate the technical personnel of industrial enterprises of large cities . The party must select such comrades who correspond to the work being done " ^[2] .

Shehueybu’s employees, graduates of the East Munich Institute, were sent to the occupied areas of China, where they carried out sabotage work against the Japanese and the Chiang Kai-shekists, were engaged in the elimination of enemy agents, and at the same time carried out purges in the Communist Party itself, eliminating the pro-Soviet CPC members, Comintern employees, and critical of Mao Zedong . Cruel torture, murder and kidnapping were commonplace for Shahuaybu employees, which shocked even the advisers from the Soviet special services ^[1] . So, in one night, the people of Kang Sheng exterminated the entire “opportunist” regional committee of the CPC in Jiangxi province. In another case, in Lundong County, a “whole organization” of more than 200 Chiang Kai-shekists were discovered and destroyed in two weeks.

By 1941, Kang Sheng turned Shehweiba into a powerful department, in fact entrusting him with the functions of the General Staff , at the same time he headed the commission for checking party and non-party cadres. In 1943-45, Kang Sheng led the mass campaign to "streamline the style of work" - " Zhengfeng ", in fact - the purge of the party, undertaken by Mao Zedong in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Soviet region . The aim of the campaign was to strengthen the personal power of Mao Zedong and remove his competitors, in particular Wang Ming . However, in 1945, while curtailing the Zhengfeng campaign, Kang Sheng was declared responsible for all the excesses and was severely criticized.

In August 1949, shortly before the formation of the PRC, Shehueybu was disbanded, and its tasks were divided between other departments ^[3] . After the formation of the PRC, the functions of internal counterintelligence were transferred to the Ministry of Public Security , and foreign policy and military intelligence were transferred to the intelligence department of the Central Military Council , while many key employees of Shehweibu were transferred to senior positions in these departments.

In 1955, a new party intelligence body was created - the Bureau of Investigation of the Central Committee of the CPC (Zhongyun Diaochabu), which was headed by Li Kengong. Some provincial-level Shahuibu units continued to exist for some time after the formation of the PRC. For example, in the Tibet Autonomous Region , the Shahueybu Provincial Government operated until May 2, 1961.

• Special services of the PRC
• CCP Central Security Bureau

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