The list includes all shebeks and half- shebeks that were in service with the Russian Imperial Navy , as well as trophy umems and turums , classified in the Russian fleet as shebeks.
Classic shebeks were light high-speed vessels that had oblique sailing weapons. They were widespread in the Mediterranean , in the Russian fleet this class included Shebeks captured in the Mediterranean Sea during the wars with France and used as corsair ships. The shebeks built at Russian shipyards were rather large sailing and rowing vessels with 3 masts and a bowsprit and looked more like Swedish turums or rowing frigates than Mediterranean shebeks. However, unlike rowing frigates, the sailing armament of the shebeks consisted of straight and hafel sails with staysails . Russian shebeks could have up to 40 oars, designed for 3 rowers each. The guns on them were located in the battery. Shebeks did not get much distribution in the Russian fleet, since they turned out to be inconvenient for using them in skerries . For all the time, 8 wrecks were built, four of which died in the second battle of Rochensalm , and four were converted into floating batteries , and a number of captured vessels were also used [1] .
The half-shells were sailing-rowing vessels, reminiscent of the shebeks, but differing from them in smaller sizes, the number of guns and sailing weapons. They were equipped with 2 masts and a bowsprit, carried slanting sails with gaffles. Sometimes half-cheeks were called artillery schooners. For the needs of the Russian fleet in 1790, only one series of half-shells was built, they turned out to be inconvenient in operation due to the poor location of the guns and in the winter of that year they were converted. Almost all halfhebes died in the second battle of Rochensalm [1] .
Content
Legend
The list is divided into sections according to the affiliation of vessels to shebeks or halfhebeks. Inside the sections of the court, they are presented in the order of their inclusion in the fleet, within one year - in alphabetical order. Wherever ships are combined according to the projects within which they were built, the lead ship of the project is indicated first. Links to information sources for each row of the list tables and comments given to the corresponding rows are grouped and are located in the Notes column.
- Size - the length and width of the vessel in meters.
- Draft - draft of the vessel (immersion depth) in meters.
- Oars - the number of oars.
- Shipyard - shipbuilding shipyard.
- The ship master is the name of the master who built the ship.
- Service history - main places and events.
- n / a - no data.
Shebeki
The section contains the shebeks that were part of the Russian Imperial Fleet of Russia.
| Name | Op. | The size | Draft | Oars | Ek. | Shipyard | Master | Vh. | Out | Service History | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flying | 46 [comm. one] | 36.6 × 8.5 | 2,5 | 40 | 230 | Galley Shipyard | D. A. Masalsky | 1788 | 1796 | As part of the rowing flotilla, she took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda . In 1792, converted into a victorious floating battery. May 25 ( June 5 ), 1796 , burned down in the Main Rowing Port during a fire. | [2] [3] [4] |
| Ambulance [comm. 2] | 36.6 × 9.2 | 1789 | As part of the rowing flotilla, they took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle. In 1792, the Strong and Brave batteries were converted into floating batteries. May 25 ( June 5 ), 1796 , burned down in the Main Rowing Port during a fire. | [3] [5] [6] | |||||||
| Easy [comm. 2] | [3] [5] [6] | ||||||||||
| Quick [comm. 2] | As part of the rowing flotilla, she took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda. In 1792, converted into a fierce floating battery. May 25 ( June 5 ), 1796 , burned down in the Main Rowing Port during a fire. | [3] [5] [6] | |||||||||
| Minerva [comm. 3] | 32 [comm. four] | 36.6 × 10.4 | 3,5 | n / a | 1790 | As part of the rowing flotilla, they took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda. Killed in the second battle of Rochensalm . | [3] [7] [8] | ||||
| Bellona [comm. 3] | [3] [7] [8] | ||||||||||
| Diana [comm. 3] | [3] [7] [8] | ||||||||||
| Proserpine [comm. 3] | [3] [7] [8] | ||||||||||
| Biorn Ernsida [comm. five] | 48 | 36.6 × 9.2 | 2.7 | 38 | 240 | Captured from the Swedes in the first battle of Rochensalm | 1808 | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790. In 1808, flooded in Kronstadt to block the fairway. | [7] [9] [10] | ||
| Oden [comm. 6] | Information on the design of the ship and the crew was not preserved | 1870 | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790. Died in the second battle of Rochensalm | [11] [12] | |||||||
| Rogwald [comm. 7] | 48 | 36.6 × 9.2 | 2.7 | 38 | 240 | n / a | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790. | [11] [12] [13] | |||
| Sellan-Were [comm. 7] | Information on the design of the ship and the crew was not preserved | 1790 | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790. Captured by the Swedes in the battle of Friedrichsham . | [7] [11] [12] | |||||||
| Macarius [comm. eight] | 18 | Information on the size of ships was not preserved | 100 | Captured by the ship " Epiphany of the Lord " | 1799 | 1800 | She took part in the blockade and assault on Corfu . October 9 ( 21 ), 1800 , crashed off the Rumelian coast. | [14] [13] [15] | |||
| Azard [comm. 9] | 14 | 60 | Captured by Castelnovo by a detachment of Captain 1st Rank G. G. Belli . | 1806 | 1809 | She took part in the war with France in 1804-1807, including in the bombing of the Kurzalo fortress, batteries on the island of San Marco, landing and seizure of enemy ships. Sold after September 27 ( October 9 ), 1809 . | [14] [16] [17] | ||||
| Bully [comm. ten] | 14 [comm. eleven] | Information on the size and crew of the vessel was not preserved | Captured from Spolatro by frigate Autroil | She took part in the war with France in 1804-1807, including in the bombing of enemy batteries and landings. Sold after September 27 ( October 9 ), 1809 . | [16] [17] [18] | ||||||
Halfhearts
The section contains the halfhebes that were part of the Russian Imperial Fleet of Russia. For all time, the fleet served 11 half-poles, ten of which were built according to one project, the Bars type, and one vessel was captured from the French. Information about the ship masters who built half-shells for the Russian fleet was not preserved.
| Name | Op. | The size | Draft | Oars | Ek. | Shipyard | Vh. | Out | Service History | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leopard | sixteen [comm. 12] | 23.2 × 5.8 | 2,4 | 32 | 120 | Lodeinopolsky shipyard | 1789 | 1790 | They took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda. Killed in the second battle of Rochensalm. | [19] [20] [21] |
| Wolf | [19] [20] [22] | |||||||||
| The Dragon | City shipyard | n / a | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda. | [19] [20] [22] | ||||||
| Whale | 1790 | They took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda. Killed in the second battle of Rochensalm. | [19] [20] [22] | |||||||
| a lion | [19] [20] [22] | |||||||||
| Bear | Lodeinopolsky shipyard | [19] [20] [22] | ||||||||
| Eagle | City shipyard | [19] [20] [23] | ||||||||
| Lynx | Lodeinopolsky shipyard | [19] [20] [24] | ||||||||
| Elephant | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including in the first battle of Rochensalm. Died in a battle in Biork-sunda from a Swedish Brandskugel hit. | [19] [20] [24] | ||||||||
| Tiger | She took part in the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-1790, including the first Rochensalm battle and the battle in Biorka-sunda. Died in the second battle of Rochensalm. | [19] [20] [24] | ||||||||
| Horrible [comm. 13] | 2 [comm. 14] | Information on the size, draft, place and time of the ship’s construction, as well as on the ship master who built it, was not preserved. | 1806 | 1809 | It was in Corfu and did not take part in the military operations of the fleet. Sold after September 27 ( October 9 ), 1809 . | [17] [25] [26] | ||||
Notes
Comments
- ↑ Four 18-pound, twenty-12-pound cannons and twenty-two 3-pound falconettes .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shebeki “Ambulance”, “Easy” and “Fast” were built according to one project, type “Ambulance”.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Shebeki “Minerva”, “Bellona”, “Diana” and “Proserpine” were built according to one project, type “Minerva”.
- ↑ According to the project, the armament of the ships was to consist of twenty-four 24-pound and eight 6-pound guns. In fact, the armament consisted of twenty 24-pound and ten 6-pound guns, and since 1790 - two 24-pound, eighteen 12-pound and eight 6-pound guns.
- ↑ Former Swedish turum. From the Swedish bear is an armadillo .
- ↑ Former Swedish Udema.
- ↑ 1 2 Former Swedish turum.
- ↑ Former French Shebek. The name was given by Vice Admiral F.F. Ushakov in honor of Makar Ivanovich Ratmanov , the first commander of the Shebek.
- ↑ Or “Gazar”, from the French bold, courageous . Former French Shebek.
- ↑ Former French Shebek Heinrich.
- ↑ Two 8-pound and twelve 4-pound guns.
- ↑ The initial armament consisted of eight 8-pound and eight 6-pound guns. However, since 1790, they were replaced by three 18-pound and six 6-pound guns, staggered three on each side.
- ↑ Former French half-cake of the Trenda.
- ↑ 8 pound guns.
References to sources
- ↑ 1 2 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 270-278.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 270, 286.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Veselago, 1872 , p. 332-333.
- ↑ Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 193.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 193-194.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 272-273, 286.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 194.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 270-272.
- ↑ Veselago, 1872 , p. 745.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 273-274.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Veselago, 1872 , p. 746.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 274.
- ↑ 1 2 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 194-195.
- ↑ 1 2 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 274-275.
- ↑ Veselago, 1872 , p. 752.
- ↑ 1 2 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 195.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Veselago, 1872 , p. 755.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 275.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Veselago, 1872 , p. 336-337.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 195-196.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 276.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 276-277.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 276-278.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 276, 278.
- ↑ Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 196.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 2002 , p. 278.
Literature
- Veselago F.F. List of Russian warships from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Printing Ministry of the Ministry of the Sea, 1872. - 798 p.
- Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 2002 .-- T. 2 .-- 480 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01789-1 .
- Shirokorad A. B. 200 years of the sailing fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Veche, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .
- Belavenets P.I. Do we need a fleet and its significance in the history of Russia? - St. Petersburg: “Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilborg”, 1910. - 318 p.