Arisaka Type 99 (九九 式 短小 銃) or Arisaka arr. 1939 (in Russian designation) - a Japanese store rifle from the Second World War .
| Arisaka type 99 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | magazine rifle |
| A country |  Japan |
| Service History | |
| Years of operation | 1939-1945 |
| Adopted | |
| Wars and conflicts | World War II , Chinese Civil War , Korean War |
| Production history | |
| Constructor | Nagoya’s weapons arsenal [1] |
| Designed by | 1939 [1] |
| Specifications | |
| Weight kg | 3.8 (without bayonet) [2] |
| Length mm | 1510 (with bayonet) [2] 1120 (without bayonet) [2] |
| Barrel length mm | 650 [2] |
| Cartridge | 7.7 × 58 mm Arisaka |
| Caliber mm | 7.71 [3] |
| Work principles | sliding bolt |
| Rate of fire rounds / min | 20 |
| starting speed bullets , m / s | 730 |
| Type of ammunition | 5 round magazine |
Content
Description
The rifle is a modification of the Type 38 rifle of the 1905 model, carried out taking into account the experience of the war in Manchuria (during which the stopping action of the 6.5 mm cartridge was found insufficient in the early 1930s) [1] and started in 1937 wars in China [3] . As a result, the Japanese Army adopted a new 7.7 × 58 mm Arisaka rifle machine-gun cartridge of 1932, under which the Type 99 rifle (officially adopted at the end of 1939) was developed in 1939 [1 ] .
Compared to the Type 38 rifle, the Type 99 rifle has a new shortened barrel with four rifling (rifling spacing is 254 mm, however, the rifling depth is made greater than in the US Army rifles) and a new open frame sight with aperture (ring) entirely intended for conducting aimed fire at a range of up to 1,500 meters. The weapon received a modernized bolt with an increased area of emphasis and a reinforced ejector [4] . Wooden parts are made of wood, in hardness corresponding to walnut wood [3] . The rifle’s sight is equipped with hinged additional visors for firing at low-flying aircraft [2] .
The rifle was equipped with a light folding bipod [2] , a new rubberized fabric belt and a blade bayonet [5] (first with a bayonet “ type 30 ” [6] , later on a simplified wartime bayonet) [7] .
A rifle grenade launcher “type 100” arr. Could be mounted on a rifle. 1940 for the shooting of rifle-hand grenades (" type 91 " and " type 99 "). For firing grenades used live ammunition. The firing range of the fragmentation grenade was 75 - 100 meters [8] .
The production of Type 99 rifles from 1940 to 1945 was carried out by Japanese arsenals in Nagoya and Kokura, private weapons factories Dai Nippon Heiki Koge, Kayaba Koge and Tokyo Yuki, Toyo Yuki, and Korean Jensen arsenal.
Options and Modifications
- long rifle "type 99" [5] - the initial version, several thousand were produced, in 1940 production was discontinued [9]
- a shortened type 99 rifle [5] is the most widespread variant standardized in 1940 as a single rifle model for the armed forces [9]
- the shortened rifle “99 type 2” is a simplified version of the war time, produced since 1943, made of metal of the worst quality, without bipod, with a shortened barrel pad and a simplified permanent sight [2] .
- the shortened rifle "99 type 3" - an even more simplified version of the wartime, was produced after December 1943. They had a wooden butt plate and had no sling for fastening the belt [9] . On individual rifles issued at the end of the war, individual parts previously manufactured using machining are replaced by parts made by casting. Also, some rifles lacked a trigger guard [10]
- Type 99 sniper rifle - production was started in 1942 by Kokur’s arsenal; first, type 97 2.5x optical sights were installed on rifles, then Type 2 sights 4x, and on rifles fired at the end of the war - 4x sights "type 4" [11]
- Type 00 rifle - a carbine for paratrooper units [9]
Operator countries
- The Japanese Empire - the massive rearmament of the Japanese army with new rifles began in 1939, the first to rearm the units in the metropolis, followed by the units located in China. They remained in service until the surrender of Japan in September 1945 [12] . After the surrender of Japan in September 1945, the armament of the Japanese army was stockpiled under the control of the US occupation forces, however, after the creation of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces, they were transferred to their armament [13]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Sergey Monetchikov. "Hino", "Nambu", "Arisaka" - the brainchild of the Show era. Japanese small arms of the period of the second world war // the magazine "Brother", September 2005
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. B. Zhuk. Encyclopedia of small arms: revolvers, pistols, rifles, submachine guns, machine guns. M., AST, Military Publishing House, 2002. pp. 600-601, 607
- ↑ 1 2 3 Details of new rifle used by Japanese // Intelligence Bulletin. vol.I No.7, March 1943. Military Intelligence Service, War Department. Washington, DC pages 5-12
- ↑ Japanese rifles and carbines
- ↑ 1 2 3 New Japanese weapons for infantry squad. Model 99 rifle // Intelligence Bulletin. vol. II No.1, September 1943. Military Intelligence Service, War Department. Washington, DC pages 16-18
- ↑ " The World War II Japanese Type 30 bayonet (also known as the Pattern 1897 bayonet) was the standard bayonet of the Imperial Japanese Army during the war and was utilized with the Arisaka Type 30 rifle and later the Type 38 and Type 99 rifles "
Robert G. Segel. Battle blades of WWI & WWII: Part II, Bayonets // "Small Arms Review", November 2015 - ↑ A. B. Zhuk. Encyclopedia of small arms: revolvers, pistols, rifles, submachine guns, machine guns. M., AST, "Military Publishing", 2002. p. 763
- ↑ Michael Heidler. German rifle grenades and launchers in other countries // "Small Arms Review", July 2013
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Rifles of the Arisak system // M.R. Popenker, M. Milchev. World War II: the war of gunsmiths. M, Yauza, EKSMO, 2009. pp. 507-517
- ↑ Infantry of Japan, 1937-1945. // “Soldier at the Front”, No. 10, 2006. p. 34
- ↑ Sergey Monetchikov. From Java to the Kuril Islands. Japanese small arms of the Second World War. // “Weapon”, No. 1, 2001, pp. 6-19
- ↑ Japanese Infantry 1937-1945. // “Soldier at the Front”, No. 10, 2006. p. 10-11
- ↑ Major V. Kiselev. Japan Infantry Division // Military Herald, No. 6, 1968. pp. 121-123
Links
- M.R. Popenker. Rifle Arisaka Type 38 / Type 99 (Japan) / Modern Small Arms of the World website
- Yaroslav Koval. Japanese rifles and carbines / mgewehr website - Notes about weapons.
- Leo J. Daugherty III . Fighting Techniques of a Japanese Infantryman 1941-1945: Training, Techniques and Weapons. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 2002. ISBN 1-86227-162-3