Pneumoautomatics - automation using compressed gas, often air, as a working medium, as well as the technical discipline involved in such automation [1] .
Content
- 1 History of development in Russia
- 2 Current status
- 3 Literature
- 4 notes
History of Development in Russia
A feature of the operation of pneumatic automation is low, up to 10 Hz, speed. For this reason, its use is limited slowly by current processes [2] . However, comparative simplicity and reliability ensured its successful application in a large number of process control systems in the chemical, oil refining industry, oil, gas and coal mining enterprises [3] .
The state importance of improving pneumatic automation in the USSR is illustrated by the fact that the 1964 Lenin Prize was awarded in the field of technology for the creation and implementation of a unified system of industrial pneumatic automation elements (USEPPA).
The development of pneumatic automation, which continued actively until the early 1990s, led to the creation of a wide range of devices that perform functions such as, for example, collecting information (sensors with pneumatic output, pneumatic switches, etc.) [4] , converting and storing information ( pneumatic regulators, optimizers, analog computing devices, relay systems) [5] [6] , the presentation of information (recording devices, indicators) [7] , the implementation of the control action (pneumatic actuators) [ 1] .
Current Status
Currently, due to the availability and, as a result, the widest computerization of any processes, the use of pneumatic automation has significantly narrowed. They became exotic, having migrated to polytechnic museums , devices like a pneumatic computer , although developments are still found [8] . Pneumatic automation continues to be used successfully at fire hazardous gas producing and gas-oil refining enterprises. Control complexes with combined pneumatic power supply at oil and gas fields in the USA, Canada and others are especially widespread. This is due to the possibility of using natural gas from actuators and gas pipelines to drive actuators. [9] [10] Now the role of pneumatic automation is mainly limited to actuators (clamps, pushers, valves, throttles) and certain types of simple automation, similar to a plunger lift in gas production or a railway stop crane [11] .
Literature
- Lemberg M. D. "Pneumoautomatics" Gosenergoizdat. 1961. Series: “Library for Automation. Issue 46 »
- Lemberg M.D. Relay systems of pneumatic automation. - M. Energia, 1968 .-- 143 p. Automation B-ka; Vol. 278.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Dmitriev V.N., Gradetsky V.G. Fundamentals of pneumatic automation, - M., 1973.
- ↑ Ferner V. Air helps automate, trans. with it. - M., 1971.
- ↑ Berezovets G. T., Maly A. L., Najafov E. M. Instruments of a pneumatic aggregate unified system and their use for automation of production processes, 3rd ed., - M., 1965.
- ↑ Prusenko V.S. Pneumatic sensors and secondary devices, - M. - L., 1965.
- ↑ Fudim E.V. Pneumatic computing technology. The theory of devices and elements, - M., 1973.
- ↑ Dictionary of Cybernetics / Ed. Academician V.S. Mikhalevich . - 2nd ed. - K .: The main edition of the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia named after M.P. Bazhan, 1989. - 751 p. - (C48). - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-88500-008-5 .
- ↑ Berends T.K. , Efremova T.K., Tagaevskaya A.A. Elements and schemes of pneumatic automation, - M., 1968.
- ↑ Colin Barras New microprocessor runs on thin air / Daily news, 3 September 2009 // New Scientist
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Papushin Yu.L., Bіletsky V.S. Fundamentals of automation of the virology virobnitz. - Donetsk: Scheme of the Dime, 2007 .-- 168 p. - ISBN 978-966-317-004-6 .