ZIL-157

From 1958 to 1961, ZIL-157 was produced, from 1961 to 1978 - ZIL-157K (in this model, the axle load distribution changed, a new gearbox , single-plate clutch , telescopic shock absorbers were used ), in 1978 production was transferred to UAMZ ( Ural Automotive Plant ), at that time one of the branches (PO AvtoZIL) under the index ZIL-157KD. It was produced until 1991. Massively used on collective farms and forestry enterprises due to the high cross, unpretentiousness and volume of the body. ZIL-157 received special love for its simplicity and reliability in the Soviet Army , for which, in essence, it was created. This mainly explains his long serial production, and for a quarter of a century simultaneously with his descendant ZIL-131 .

The ZIL-157 car, like its predecessor ZIS-151 , had a complex transmission with five cardan shafts : intermediate (between the transfer case and gearbox); to the front axle ; to the middle bridge; two driveshafts with an intermediate bearing assembly on the middle bridge approached the rear axle. On ZIL-157, wheels and tires of 12.00-18 were used. For the first time in the Soviet automobile industry, a centralized pressure control system for automobile tires was used on a truck. The driver from his seat could regulate the pressure in the tires (in all or optionally).

The automobile compressor allowed to continue driving with small holes in the tires. When driving on snowy virgin lands or wetlands, it was possible to briefly reduce the pressure to 0.7 kg / cm ² . In this case, the vehicle speed should not exceed 10 km / h. The tire resource for such a ride did not exceed 150 km (when operating with a normal pressure of 2.8 kg / cm ^{2, the} guaranteed tire mileage is 10 thousand km).

In winter, the machine requires careful supervision of the cooling system ; if necessary, heat insulation covers on the radiator are used .

A serious drawback for such a heavy truck is the lack of a hydraulic power steering .

• Curb weight, kg 5 540 ^[3]
• front axle load, kg 2,400
• load on the back carriage, kg 3 140
• Gross vehicle weight, kg 10 190
• front axle load, kg 2,770
• load on the back carriage, kg 7 420
• Ground clearance , mm 310 ^[1]
• Height, mm 2 360 (with awning 2 915)
• Length, mm 6 684
• Base, mm 4,225
• Width, mm 2 315
• Maximum power, kW (hp) 80.2 (109)
• The maximum frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, rpm 2 800
• Maximum speed, km / h 60
• Gear Ratios:
  • 1st gear 7.44
  • 2nd gear 4.10
  • 3rd gear 2.29
  • 4th gear 1.47
  • 5th gear 1.00
  • Reverse 7.09
• Transfer Case Ratios:
  • 1 gear 2.27
  • 2nd gear 1.16
• Final Drive Ratio: 6.67
• Tire size 12.00-18

For ZIL-157 release from 1958 to 1961:

• a) Rated power 76.5 kW (104 hp).
• b) The maximum speed is 65 km / h.
• c) Gear ratios were different, as on ZIS-150 and ZIS-151: 1st gear 6.24; 2nd gear 3.32; 3rd gear 1,898; 4th gear 1.00; 5th gear 0.81; Z. H. 6.70.
• d) The gear ratios of the transfer case were different, as on the ZIS-151: 1st gear 2.44; 2nd gear 1.24.

• ZIL-157 - basic model
• ZIL-157K - the basic model since 1961, the design used the details of ZIL-130 ^[4]
• ZIL-157V - truck tractor
• ZIL-157KV - truck tractor since 1961
• ZIL-157YU - tropical execution
• ZIL-157G - with shielded equipment
• ZIL-157KG - with shielded equipment since 1961
• ZIL-157E - export version
• ZIL-157E - a special chassis with two gas tanks (150 l each)
• ZIL-157KD - the base model since 1978. It is equipped with a K-88AZh carburetor, some parts are unified with ZIL-130 ^[5]
• ZIL-157KDV - truck tractor since 1978
• " Progress " - a cabless bus on the ZIL-157 chassis
• PMZ-27 and PMZ-56A - fire engines based on ZIL-157
• KMM - a mechanized gauge axle on the ZIL-157 chassis, developed in 1959 at the Kaliningrad Stroydormash plant to replace the bridge mod. 1957 on the chassis of the ZIS-151 and after completion of the tests adopted by the armed forces of the USSR ^[6]

In Soviet folklore, this car received the nicknames "Zakhar" ^[7] , "Cleaver", "Benz", "Poltergeist", "Truman", "Babai", "Sunflower", "Stupa", "Crocodile", "Mormon" ^{[ 7]} ; in Bulgaria - “Dzhugan”, in Lithuania - “Šišäkoyois crocodilas” (“Six-legged crocodile”), in Ukraine - “Wild boar”. In Soviet times, in Chukotka , Magadan Oblast , Kamchatka and Yakutia, this car was called the “Crab” or “Zurs”. In areas of the north-west it has the nickname "Iron", obtained for the appearance of the cabin. Another common nickname is Polaris. In the teams of hunters of the Central Federal District , and in particular the Ryazan region , a car with a kung performed by PARM-1 received the nickname "Zenzubel."

In China, a modification of ZIL-157 - JIEFANG CA-30 was produced.

• Cars ZIL. Maintenance and repair of ZIL-157K, ZIL-130, ZIL-131 and their modifications. Part I. M., "Transport", 1971 - 366 pp.
• Cars ZIL. Maintenance and repair of ZIL-157K, ZIL-130, ZIL-131 and their modifications. Part II M., "Transport", 1971 - 344 pp.
• Gogolev L. D. Soldier cars: Essays on the history of development and military use of cars. - M .: Patriot, 1990 .-- 191 p. - 100 copies. - ISBN 5-7030-0226-5 .

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