Lublin ( Polish: Lublin ) is a city in eastern Poland , the administrative center of the Lublin Voivodeship . The area of the city is 147.5 km². The population is 339,811 inhabitants (2018) [1] .
| City | |||||
| Lublin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| polish Lublin | |||||
 | |||||
| |||||
| A country |  Poland | ||||
| Voivodship | Lublin Voivodeship | ||||
| The president | Krzysztof Beetle | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Based | VI century | ||||
| City with | 1317 | ||||
| Square | 147.5 km² | ||||
| NUM height | |||||
| Timezone | UTC + 1 , in summer UTC + 2 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | ▼ 339,811 [1] people ( 2018 ) | ||||
| Density | 2303.8 people / km² | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +48 81 | ||||
| Postal codes | 20-001 - 20-999 | ||||
| Car code | |||||
| Other | |||||
| um.lublin.pl (Polish ) | |||||
Geography
Location and environment
The city is located on the northern edge of the Lublin Upland , at altitudes of 163–238 m above sea level. The valley of the Bystrzyce river (the left tributary of the Vepsha ) divides the city into two parts with different landscapes. On the western shore there is a part of the Nalenczowski plateau ( Polish Nałęczowski ) with deep valleys and old loess gorges, while the eastern coast landscapes formed by the part of the Šwidnicki plateau ( Polish Świdnicki ) and the Gelchevsk Upland ( Polish Giełczewska ) are less diverse.
In Lublin, two small rivers flow into Bystrzyce - Czerniejówka ( Polish. Czerniejówka ) and Čechuvka ( Polish. Czechówka ). The fourth river flows through the city - Nendznitsa ( Polish. Nędznica ).
History
The first settlement on the territory of modern Lublin arose in the VI century [2] on the Chvartek hill. In the X century, a wooden defense structure was built, later a stone one. The first written records of the city date back to 1198.
In 1205, the Galician prince Roman besieged the city for a month, but was forced to retreat [3] .
In 1241, the Mongols destroyed Lublin, and three years later he was again ruined by the Lithuanians , who acted together with the Prussians and the Yatvyag . In the same year, Prince Daniil of Galitsky , having captured the city, greatly strengthened it [3] .
In 1260, the Dominicans built the first Catholic church named after Archangel Michael .
In 1317, during the reign of Prince Vladislav Loketka, the city received city law in the form of Magdeburg law . In 1341, Casimir the Great defeated the Tatars at Lublin.
In 1474, Casimir Jagiellon made the city the capital of the newly formed Lublin Voivodeship.
In the XV-XVI centuries, thanks to the trade route passing through it from the Black Sea to Western Europe, Lublin was developing intensively.
In 1569, an agreement was concluded in Lublin on the unification of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a confederate state of the Commonwealth , known in history as the Union of Lublin .
In the XVII century, an epidemic claimed more than 5 thousand lives in the city, the city was destroyed first by the Russian-Cossack army of Peter Potemkin , and then by the Swedes. In the future, the situation of the city does not improve, mainly due to the Northern War . Lublin fairs cease to be held, merchants from Europe leave the city.
In 1703, Augustus II granted the city privileges equalizing his rights with Krakow . After the northern wars, a period of resumption of construction begins, mainly merchants and church settlements are upset. The image of the present Krakow suburb is formed.
In 1792, the city was occupied by Russian troops. After the third division of the Commonwealth, the city is in the possession of Austria. In 1809, the city entered the Principality of Warsaw . In 1815 - to the Kingdom (Kingdom) of Poland as part of the Russian Empire .
During the First World War, Lublin was occupied by the troops of Germany and Austria-Hungary .
In 1918, the Catholic University was founded in Lublin.
During World War II, the city was occupied by Wehrmacht troops. On July 24, 1944, troops of the 2nd Soviet Panzer Army occupied Lublin as a result of the Lublin-Brest operation. 16 units and formations of the 1st Belorussian Front were given the honorary name “Lublin”. After this, the city became the temporary capital of Poland until January 17, 1945.
On October 23, 1944, the University of Marie Curie-Skłodowska was founded in Lublin.
Lublin Administrative Division
Main article: Lublin Administrative Division
Economics
In the city there is a factory of trucks Honker (Fabryka Samochodów Honker). Release of cars no more than two hundred a year. [four]
Transport
Main article: Lublin trolleybus
Attractions
- Lublin fortress
- Castle Square
- Old town with houses in the style of the Lublin Renaissance
- Krakow Gate
- Farnaya Square with the foundations of the Church of St. Michael
- Obelisk on Lithuanian Square in honor of the Union of Lublin (1826)
- Dominican Monastery
- Catholic cathedral
- Orthodox Cathedral
- Lublin Museum
- Czartoryski Palace
- Museum of the Lublin Village
- Botanical Garden
- Literary Museum named after Jozef Chekhovich
- Vincent Fields Estate
Twin Cities
- Alcalá de Henares , Spain [5]
- Brest , Belarus [6]
- Windsor Prov. Ontario , Canada [5]
- Viseu , Portugal [5]
- Debrecen , Hungary [5]
- Delmenhorst , Germany [5]
- Lancaster , UK [5]
- Lugansk , Ukraine [7]
- Lutsk , Ukraine [5]
- Lviv , Ukraine [5]
- Muenster , Germany [5]
- Nancy , France [5]
- Nykobing , Denmark [5]
- Panevezys , Lithuania [5]
- Pernik , Bulgaria [5]
- Poltava , Ukraine [8]
- Rishon Lezion , Israel [5]
- Starobelsk , Ukraine [5]
- Erie , Pennsylvania , USA [5]
- Omsk , Russian Federation [9]
- Sumy , Ukraine
See also
- Zuk
- Lublin University of Technology
- Lublin R.XIII
- Gazeta Lubelska
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Ludność. Stan i struktura oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2018 r. Stan w dniu 30 VI (Polish) . Główny Urząd Statystyczny (October 12, 2018). Date of appeal October 29, 2018.
- ↑ Dzieje Lublina. Próba syntezy. t. I, praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Lublin 1965
- ↑ 1 2 Weinberg L. B. Lublin // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Lubelskie honkery jadą do Afryki (ZDJĘCIA, WIDEO)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Miasta partnerskie Lublina (Polish) (unavailable link) . Lublin . Gazeta.pl (January 15, 2004). Date of treatment August 15, 2011. Archived on February 4, 2012.
- ↑ Yu. Rubashevsky. Brest was registered in the Lublin City Hall . Evening Brest / Society . The newspaper "Evening Brest" (August 19, 2009). Date of treatment November 18, 2011. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ Lublin and Lugansk: twin cities begin to cooperate in higher education . News of Lugansk . Lugansk Portal (June 10, 2005). Date of treatment November 18, 2011. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ History of Poltava (inaccessible link) . Stories . Date of treatment November 18, 2011. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ Lublin (Poland) . Partnership and twinning of the city of Omsk . Administration of the city of Omsk (2011). Date of treatment November 18, 2011. Archived February 4, 2012.
Literature
- Lublin // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.