The community ( German: Gemeinde ) is an independent (autonomous) unit of local government in Austria . The legal relations of the communities are enshrined in Articles 115-120 of the Austrian Constitution . In accordance with articles 115 and 116 of the Austrian Constitution, a community is a territorial unit with the right to self-government and at the same time an administrative unit. “Each land ( federal land ) is divided into communities. Each section of the country should belong to a community. The community is an independent business unit. She has the right, within the limits established by the general laws of the Federation and the land, to own all kinds of property, acquire and dispose of it, engage in business entrepreneurship, and also independently determine her budget and levy taxes within the financial system. For a community with a population of at least twenty thousand inhabitants, if this does not infringe on the interests of the land, an independent status (city legal status) should be established on the basis of the law of the land on the proposal of the community. Such a legislative decision may be published only with the consent of the Federal Government. Consent is considered given if, within eight weeks from the date of receipt of the legislative decision by the competent Federal Ministry, the Federal Government does not inform the Governor of the land of his refusal. A city with an independent status must, in addition to the tasks of community management, carry out the tasks of the district government. ” [1] .
Content
- 1 Definition
- 2 General information
- 3 Political community
- 3.1 History
- 3.2 Community Merger and Separation
- 3.3 Current situation. Status and Hierarchy
- 3.4 Rural community
- 3.5 Large community
- 3.6 Trading community
- 3.7 City community
- 3.8 State of Stadt
- 3.9 Vienna (community)
- 3.10 Rights of political communities
- 3.11 Community Names
- 3.12 Statistics
- 3.12.1 Communities of Austria by type (type) and status
- 3.12.2 Classification of Austrian Communities
- 4 Cadastral community
- 5 Statistical goal
- 6 The most, the most ...
- 6.1 extreme geographic coordinates
- 6.2 According to the height characteristics
- 6.3 Smallest and largest communities by population
- 6.4 Smallest and largest communities by area
- 6.5 The most populous ... and not very
- 6.6 The most ... and not very land-rich
- 7 See also
- 8 Comments
- 9 notes
- 10 Literature
- 11 Links
- 12 License
Definition
The term community, in accordance with Articles 115-120 of the Constitution of the Republic of Austria , should be understood as local (local) communities [1] . In the Republic of Austria, in addition to local (local), there are also cadastral and statistical communities. To clarify this term, to distinguish between types of communities (quite often the names coincide), the term political community is used for local (local) communities. For urban ( German Stadtgemeinde ) and fair ( German Marktgemeinde ) communities, the term community ( German Gemeinde ) is a synonym, especially when it comes to social facilities or community (municipal, communal) taxes [2] . According to the European NUTS statistical classification, the communities of the Republic of Austria correspond to the municipal (communal) administrative level of LAU 2 .
General information
Legally, there is no difference between small or large communities. A community (community, municipality) may consist of one or more populated areas ( German Ort ) Historically, the units of the municipality correspond to cadastral communities ( it. Katastralgemeinde ) So, it may happen that a community consists not only of one place, but also of several cadastral ones . On the other hand, it is possible that the city ( German Stadt ) consists of many cadastral communities , which in turn are located in several places. This largely depends on municipal reforms related to the merging of communities into a large community ( German Großgemeinde ). Cities with special status ( German Statutarstadt ) in addition to community responsibilities, also perform the functions of district administrative law ( German Bezirksverwaltung ) [2] . In accordance with Article 108 of the Austrian Constitution , “in Vienna , the capital of the Federation, which is equal in status to the position of the land, the Land Council is also entrusted with the functions of the Landtag, the city senate also has the functions of the government of the land, the burgomaster also has the functions of governor of the land, and the magistrate also the functions of the land administration management service, the director of the magistrate - also the functions of the director of the land administration service.
Political Community
The political community in Austria is a local administrative unit of the 3rd level. It is a small administrative unit with a city, a fair village or a rural settlement (settlement) as a center (usually the largest in the community), around which several small villages or hamlets can be located. Sometimes a community is formed by only one locality. Units close to the political community are the commune , municipality , municipality .
History
The existing (political) communities first appeared on March 17, 1849 thanks to the Imperial Patent ( Kaiserliches Patent ) of Emperor Franz Joseph I [3] and extended only to Cisleitania , the German part of the dual monarchy - Austria-Hungary . From November 10, 1920, from the moment the Austrian Constitution came into force, the rights and obligations of (political) communities were already fixed at the highest legislative level [2] .
In accordance with the second part of Article 115 of Chapter “C” of the fourth section of the Austrian Constitution “with regard to issues that are not specifically assigned to the competence of the Federation, land law should regulate the law of communities in accordance with the principles of subsequent articles of this chapter. Competence in matters relating to the jurisdiction of communities in accordance with Articles 118 and 119 is determined in accordance with the general requirements of this Federal Constitution ” [1] .
Community Merger and Separation
The political communities of Austria are autonomous and endowed with rights that allow them to independently resolve issues of merger (association) and separation (separation), based on the local electoral law existing in the federal states. Thus, for example, the political communities of Gattendorf ( German Gattendorf ), Neudorf ( German Neudorf ) and Potzneusiedl ( German Potzneusiedl ) in 1971, relying on Article 116a of the Austrian Constitution [1] , merged to form the large Gattendorf-Neudorf community ( German Gattendorf-Neudorf ). This large community lasted only 19 years and after the separation of the communities from January 1, 1990, each of them regained its former independence and regained self-government.
In accordance with Section 116a of the Austrian Constitution , indeed “for the fulfillment of certain tasks in the sphere of their own competence, communities may unite on the basis of an agreement into community unions. Such an agreement requires the permission of the supervisor. Permission shall be granted on the basis of a regulation if the relevant agreement of the participating communities and the formation of a community union are:
1) in case of fulfillment of the tasks of state administration, it does not threaten the functioning of the communities participating in the agreement as self-governing units;
2) is based, in the case of fulfilling the tasks of the communities as subjects of private law, on the feasibility, cost-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in the interests of the participating communities ” [1] .
“The unification of local communities into territorial communities, their organization on the basis of self-government and the establishment of other principles for the organization of general public administration in the lands is the subject of regulation of federal constitutional legislation; concretization of these laws is carried out through land legislation. The definition of competence in the field of service law and the law governing the filling of posts of employees of territorial communities is the subject of federal constitutional law ” [1] .
The current situation. Status and Hierarchy
As of May 1, 2015 in Austria there are 2100 political communities [4] .
Hierarchical structure
Statistics Austria has assigned five consecutive five-digit identification codes to all communities ( German: Gemeindekennziffer [GKZ] ). These codes have the following hierarchical structure : the 1st digit denotes the federal land in alphabetical order; 2 and 3 - political district ( German: Politische Bezirk ) or state-owned ( German Statutarstadt ); 4 and 5 - the code of the community (an independent subject of local self-government) in the political district, mainly in alphabetical order, but there are deviations (due to administrative reforms, when the number of communities changes, this order is violated) [5] [6] .
An example of a hierarchical structure using the example of the Rappottenstein community and the Vienna district of Neubau :
3 25 21 - Rappottenstein
- 3 - Lower Austria
- 25 - Tsvetl County
- 21 - Rappottenstein Community
9 07 01 - Vienna , 7. Neubau
- 9 - Vienna
- 07 - Neubau (7th district of Vienna)
- 01 -
Status
Each community is also given status : SS - Statutarstadt ( state-run ), ST - Stadtgemeinde ( city community ), M - Marktgemeinde ( fair community ) and without a designation - Gemeinde (Landgemeinde) ohne Status ( community without status ) [4] .
Rural community
The rural community ( German Landgemeinde ) in Austria is officially a community ( German Gemeinde ) - a local independent (autonomous) municipality without a special status , unlike urban ( German German Stadtgemeinde ) or trade fair communities ( German Marktgemeinde ). Thus, the rural community is one of the lowest forms at the municipal level. It can consist of one or several rural settlements located in different cadastral communities , which, in turn, consist of separate parts ( German: Ortsteil ). Rural communities , combined with several previously independent rural settlements into a large community ( German Großgemeinde ), often arise from considerations of economy and management efficiency.
In the administrative structure of Austria, the rural community is the most common municipal form of government. As of May 1, 2015, in Austria out of 2100 political communities - 1131 rural [7] . This means that almost 54%, that is, slightly more than half of all Austrian municipalities, are rural [8] .
Large Community
A large (expanded) community ( German: Großgemeinde ) is a municipality in Austria , formed as a result of local government reform by merging several independent (autonomous) communities or parts of them ( German Ortsteil ) in one. Large communities , like all other municipalities, have a single local administration and management - the council of the community ( it. Gemeinderat ) and the burgomaster ( mayor ) ( German Bürgermeister ). Large communities resulting from the mergers of previously independent (rural) communities are their full successors and are vested with all the rights and obligations of the former municipalities.
In Austria, large cities were formed from many individual cadastral communities . In part, this may be political communities that have been closely linked to each other for many years. In most of the federal states of Austria, the last municipal and church reforms to merge small political communities into a large community took place in the 1970s. Some of these political communities , which were even small in spite of the complete merger, were later separated again from each other. The most recent major reforms of local self-government were carried out in 2010-2015. in Styria . As a result of this administrative reform [9] , 13 out of 17 political districts remained in Styria , and the number of municipalities ( political communities ) almost halved from 542 to 287 [10] [11] .
Trading Community
Trading community - a municipality with the right to market trade . This municipal legal term refers to the assignment of a community either historically or formally defined trade rights (privileges). Sometimes in community names there is a mention of the origin or assignment of such rights, for example, Markt Allhau . In other cases, the term and original name are firmly fused, such as Marktbergel .
Since the implementation of the local government reform of 1849 in Austria , the term “trading community” has no legal meaning for communities. But even today, many communities strive to get this title, mainly for representative purposes. The decision to grant the status of “trading community” is made by the federal government within the framework of the corresponding municipal code of the country. In addition to the usual ( rural ) and commercial communities, there are also urban communities and cities with their own Charter ( state-led ). Usually, only one “trading village” ( Marktort ) is included in the trading community - the administrative center of the community. But there are exceptions, for example: the trading community of Narn im Mahland in Upper Austria , where two trading villages are located: Narn im Mahland and Au an der Donau .
As of May 1, 2015 in Austria out of 2100 political communities - 768 trade [7] . This means that almost 37%, that is, slightly more than one third of all Austrian municipalities, are trade [8] .
City Community
Urban communities ( German Stadtgemeinde ) in the Republic of Austria are privileged political communities with official urban status.
Urban communities , as well as all other communities, are subject to all the legal relations of communities enshrined in Articles 115-120 of the Constitution of the Republic of Austria [1] .
As of May 1, 2015, out of 2100 political communities in Austria, 201 were communities with urban status [7] . This means that more than 9.5%, that is, almost one tenth of all Austrian municipalities, are urban [8] . Of this number, 15 urban communities were in the special status of state-stadtadt (a normative city with its own charter), that is, according to the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Austria, they were equated with political districts . The remaining 186 urban communities did not have their own charters.
Stututarstadt
Stututarstadt ( German Statutarstadt ) is an urban community with a special status (its own Charter) ( German Städte mit eigenem Statut ) and the rights of a political district . The statestadtts , as well as all other communities, are subject to all the legal relations of the communities enshrined in Articles 115-120 of the Constitution of the Republic of Austria [1] . “By legal status, they are both a community and a political district and report directly to the land government. At the head is the burgomaster; the representative governing body is the community council, executive and administrative - the city council, which administers with the help of its apparatus - the magistrate. ” [12]
Stututarstadt s ( normative cities ) are mainly densely populated cities of federal significance [13] . Since 1962, the Constitution of the Republic of Austria stipulates that only urban communities with a population of at least 20,000 inhabitants can be a statestadt ( normative city ) [14] . В соответствии с пунктом 3 статьи 116 главы «С» четвёртого раздела Конституции Австрийской Республики «Для общины с населением не менее двадцати тысяч жителей, если это не ущемляет интересы земли, должен быть по представлению общины на основании закона земли установлен самостоятельный статус (городской правовой статус). Такое законодательное решение может быть опубликовано лишь с согласия Федерального правительства. Согласие считается данным, если в течение восьми недель со дня получения законодательного решения компетентным Федеральным министерством Федеральное правительство не сообщит губернатору земли о своем отказе. Город, имеющий самостоятельный статус, должен помимо задач общинного управления осуществлять также задачи районного (окружного) управления» [1] . Но, на момент принятия законодательного изменения, уже существовали нормативные города с населением менее, чем двадцать тысяч жителей, а именно: Айзенштадт , Вайдхофен-ан-дер-Ибс и Руст [13] .
В настоящее время в Австрии насчитывается 15 штатутарштадт ов *) : Айзенштадт (с 1921 г.) , Вайдхофен-ан-дер-Ибс (с 1869 г.) , Вельс (с 1964 г.) , Вена (с 1850 г.) , Винер-Нойштадт (с 1866 г.) , Грац (с 1850 г.) , Зальцбург (с 1850 г.) , Инсбрук (с 1850 г.) , Клагенфурт-ам-Вёртерзе (с 1850 г.) , Кремс-ан-дер-Донау (с 1938 г.) , Линц (с 1850 г.) , Руст (с 1921 г.) , Санкт-Пёльтен (с 1922 г.) , Филлах (с 1932 г.) и Штайр (с 1867 г.) . В состав штатутарштадт ов входят все административные центры земель, кроме административного центра Форарльберга — Брегенц а.
Устав свободного города ( нем. Freistadt ) Руст базируется на основе Венгерского королевского городского права ( нем. die Statutarstadt Rust beruft sich als Freistadt auf Königlich Ungarisches Stadtrecht ) [14] .
Все 15 штатутарштадтов ( уставных городов ) «— по австрийскому административному праву это независимые города. Эти города не являются частью какого-либо округа и городской совет обычно занимается теми же вопросами, что исполняет администрация округа. Обычно уставный город является домашним городом администрации округа, отвечающей за близлежащие области, к округу которого город не принадлежит.» [15]
Статистические данные по штатутарштадтам Австрии [4] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Штатутарштадт *) | Статус с | The code | Территория, га | Население (01.01.2015), чел. | Плотность, чел./ км² | Землеобеспеченность, м² /чел | Автокод [13] | |
| Айзенштадт | 1921 | 10101 | 4.284,34 | 13.664 | 318,93 | 3.135 | E [Комм. 1] | |
| Вайдхофен-ан-дер-Ибс | 1869 | 30301 | 13.118,54 | 11.306 | 86,18 | 11.603 | WY | |
| Вельс | 1964 | 40301 | 4.588,19 | 59.858 | 1.304,61 | 767 | WE | |
| Вена | 1850 | 90001 | 41.464,84 | 1.797.337 | 4.334,60 | 231 | W | |
| Винер-Нойштадт | 1866 | 30401 | 6.089,03 | 43.002 | 706,22 | 1.416 | WN | |
| Грац | 1850 | 60101 | 12.748,16 | 274.207 | 2.150,95 | 465 | G | |
| Salzburg | 1850 | 50101 | 6.563,63 | 148.420 | 2.261,25 | 442 | S | |
| Инсбрук | 1850 | 70101 | 10.480,96 | 126.965 | 1.211,39 | 825 | I | |
| Клагенфурт-ам-Вёртерзе | 1850 | 20101 | 12.003,16 | 97.880 | 815,45 | 1.226 | K | |
| Кремс-ан-дер-Донау | 1938 | 30101 | 5.169,90 | 24.011 | 464,44 | 2.153 | KS | |
| Линц | 1850 | 40101 | 9.598,69 | 197.427 | 2.056,81 | 486 | L | |
| Руст | 1921 | 10201 | 1.998,96 | 1.929 | 96,50 | 10.363 | E [Комм. 1] | |
| Санкт-Пёльтен | 1922 | 30201 | 10.844,12 | 52.747 | 486,41 | 2.056 | P | |
| Филлах | 1932 | 20201 | 13.490,43 | 60.500 | 448,47 | 2.230 | VI | |
| Штайр | 1867 | 40201 | 2.654,03 | 38.287 | 1.442,60 | 693 | SR | |
| Примечание: *) Административные центры федеральных земель выделены полужирным шрифтом Q: STATISTIK AUSTRIA. Erstellt am 30.6.2015. | ||||||||
Вена (община)
Вена — самая большая (политическая) община в Австрийской Республике , концентрирующая почти 21 % населения Федерации. Территория общины — 41 464,84 га. Население — 1 797 337 человек. Плотность населения — 4 334,60 чел./ км² . Землеобеспеченность — 231 м² / чел. Её правовые отношения в Конституции Австрийской Республики закреплены в статьях 108—112 главы «В» четвёртого раздела. «С учетом положений статей 108—111 в отношении Вены — столицы Федерации действуют в остальном положении главы „С“ данного раздела, за исключением статьи 119, абзаца 4, и статьи 119а. Статья 142, абзац 2, пункт „d“, подлежит также применению при осуществлении компетенции, переданной Федерацией Вене — столице Федерации» [1] .
Вена — штатутарштадт ( нормативный, независимый город ) и, одновременно, политическая община , а также политический округ , — «в дальнейшем подразделяется на районы, используемыми местной администрацией для городского управления. Хотя эти районы пользуются некоторой автономией и выборные представители имеют определённые политические полномочия, но это не идёт ни в какое сравнение с административным делением на политические округа.» [15]
Законодательный орган — Венский общинный совет ( нем. Wiener Gemeinderat ), исполнительный орган — Венский городской сенат ( нем. Wiener Stadtsenat ), состоящий из Бургомистра Вены ( нем. Bürgermeister von Wien ) и городских советников ( нем. Stadtrat ) [16] .
Права политических общин
Города и общины в Австрии представляют, соответственно, Австрийская ассоциация городов ( нем. Österreichischer Städtebund ) (с 1915 года и, после аншлюса , повторно с 1946 года) и Австрийская ассоциация муниципалитетов ( нем. Österreichischer Gemeindebund ), созданная в 1947 году. Города и общины могут одновременно участвовать в обеих ассоциациях. Впервые двойное членство в обеих организациях отмечалось в 1948 году. Для членства в Австрийской ассоциации городов не является абсолютно необходимым, чтобы муниципалитету официально был присвоен статус города. В эту ассоциацию также могут входить как ярмарочные, так и сельские общины с населением более, чем 10 000 жителей. Например, ярмарочная община Лустенау или сельская община Вальс-Зиценхайм . Для представления интересов и прав городов и посёлков с 1 сентября 1988 года Австрия присоединилась к Европейской хартии местного самоуправления . «Хартия обязывает государства закрепить во внутреннем законодательстве и применять на практике совокупность юридических норм, гарантирующих политическую, административную и финансовую независимость муниципальных образований. Она также устанавливает необходимость конституционного регулирования автономии местного самоуправления . Кроме того, Хартия является первым юридическим документом, гарантирующим соблюдение принципа субсидиарности государствами — членами Совета Европы . Принципы Хартии применимы ко всем видам органов местного самоуправления .» [17]
- Логотип австрийской ассоциации общин (недоступная ссылка)
Названия общин
Названия общин в большинстве случаев совпадают с названием крупнейшего населённого пункта в общине. Но в ходе различных реформ община может получить относительно новое имя, например, путём добавления дополнительной информации для уточнения локализации, особенно если до этого были общие топонимы или ойконимы . Также возможны двойные наименования при наличии двух одинаковых по размеру населенных пунктов в общине. Но бывают и исключения, когда название общины не совпадает с названием её административного центра.
Также есть и свои особенности: записи в регистрах соответствующих региональных властей могут незначительно отличаться от географических названий Федерального бюро метрологии и геодезии ( Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen ). Например, отсутствуют дефисы или добавлены в другом случае. То же самое справедливо и для приставок, таких как Ст. ( St. ) и Санкт ( Sankt ). Может быть различным написание ss -обозначения: один раз как ss , а в следующий раз как ß .
Статистические сведения
Общины Австрии по типу (виду) и статусу
Статус общин, таких как городская или ярмарочная, очень часто имеет историческое происхождение и не связан с количеством жителей в этих общинах. Таким образом, существуют ярмарочные общины с 20000 жителей, но также много и совсем небольших городов. Подразделение общин на ярмарочные и городские регулируются соответствующими законами отдельных федеральных земель [2] .
Распределение количества политических общин по типу (виду) и статусу на 1 мая 2015 года следующее:
- сельские общины (официально только общины) — 1131;
- ярмарочные общины — 768;
- городские общины — 201, из них: города без собственных Уставов — 186 и штатутарштадты — 15 [4] .
Общины Австрии по федеральным землям по состоянию на 01.05.2015 г. [7] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The code | Федеральная земля | Общины, всего | Городские общины | Ярмарочные общины | Общины без особого статуса | Population (01.01.2015) | Средняя численность населения, чел./на общину |
| one | Бургенланд | 171 | 13 | 67 | 91 | 288 356 | 1686 |
| 9 | Вена | one | one | - | - | 1 797 337 | 1 797 337 |
| four | Upper austria | 442 | 32 | 151 | 259 | 1 437 251 | 3252 |
| 5 | Зальцбург | 119 | eleven | 24 | 84 | 538 575 | 4526 |
| 2 | Каринтия | 132 | 17 | 47 | 68 | 557641 | 4225 |
| 3 | Lower austria | 573 | 76 | 327 | 170 | 1 636 778 | 2857 |
| 7 | Tyrol | 279 | eleven | twenty | 248 | 728 826 | 2612 |
| 8 | Форарльберг | 96 | 5 | eleven | 80 | 378 592 | 3944 |
| 6 | Штирия | 287 | 35 | 121 | 131 | 1 221 570 | 4256 |
| 040 | Austria | 2100 | 201 | 768 | 1131 | 8 584 926 | 3234/4088 * |
| Примечание: * Без учёта Вены / С учётом Вены Q: STATISTIK AUSTRIA. Erstellt am 30.06.2015. | |||||||
Классификация общин Австрии
Классификация общин Австрии по размеру и численности населения по состоянию на 01.01.2015 г. [4]
| Класс общин | Бургенланд | Вена | Верхняя Австрия | Salzburg | Каринтия | Нижняя Австрия | Тироль | Форарльберг | Штирия | Austria | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | Население** | |||||||||||
| 46-500 | 17 | 5 814 | - | - | 12 | 4 765 | 7 | 2 614 | - | - | twenty | 6 379 | 37 | 11 750 | 16 | 5 398 | 2 | 911 | 111 | 37 631 |
| 501-1.000 | 41 | 33 121 | - | - | 79 | 60 015 | fifteen | 11 002 | 12 | 9 675 | 88 | 68 843 | 59 | 44 011 | eighteen | 13 173 | fourteen | 10 560 | 326 | 250 400 |
| 1.001-1.500 | 45 | 57 238 | - | - | 78 | 98 172 | fifteen | 19 082 | 26 | 32 212 | 129 | 161 764 | 55 | 68 892 | 9 | 10 954 | fifty | 63 754 | 407 | 512 068 |
| 1.501-2.000 | 23 | 41 146 | - | - | 65 | 111 243 | 10 | 17 001 | 24 | 41 467 | 101 | 173 817 | 35 | 60 457 | 9 | 15 736 | 49 | 84 600 | 316 | 545 467 |
| 2.001-2.500 | eighteen | 39 681 | - | - | 61 | 135 488 | 9 | 20 594 | twenty | 44 105 | 58 | 127 211 | twenty | 44 046 | eleven | 24 366 | 40 | 87 933 | 237 | 523 424 |
| 2.501-3.000 | 12 | 33 593 | - | - | 33 | 91 303 | eleven | 30 551 | 10 | 27 263 | 45 | 123 851 | 17 | 45 772 | 2 | 5 160 | 27 | 74 408 | 157 | 431 901 |
| 3.001-5.000 | 10 | 36 468 | - | - | 66 | 254 967 | 31 | 119 152 | twenty | 75 175 | 68 | 256 306 | 33 | 127 848 | fourteen | 51 943 | 58 | 225 587 | 300 | 1 147 446 |
| 5.001-10.000 | four | 27 631 | - | - | 35 | 227 964 | fourteen | 89 080 | 12 | 80 836 | 39 | 270 672 | 16 | 113 664 | 8 | 56 582 | 32 | 210 752 | 160 | 1 077 181 |
| 10.001-20.000 | one | 13 664 | - | - | 8 | 106 902 | 5 | 60 472 | 5 | 63 445 | eighteen | 232 574 | 6 | 85 421 | 5 | 65 420 | 12 | 140 975 | 60 | 768 873 |
| 20.001-30.000 | - | - | - | - | 2 | 50 860 | one | 20 607 | one | 25 083 | 5 | 119 612 | - | - | 2 | 50 593 | 2 | 47 883 | 13 | 314 638 |
| 30.001-50.000 | - | - | - | - | one | 38 287 | - | - | - | - | one | 43 002 | - | - | 2 | 79 267 | - | - | four | 160 556 |
| 50.001-100.000 | - | - | - | - | one | 59 858 | - | - | 2 | 158 380 | one | 52 747 | - | - | - | - | - | - | four | 270 985 |
| 100.001-200.000 | - | - | - | - | one | 197 427 | one | 148 420 | - | - | - | - | one | 126 965 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 472 812 |
| 200.000-500.000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | one | 274 207 | one | 274 207 |
| свыше 1.000.000 | - | - | one | 1 797 337 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | one | 1 797 337 |
| Total | 171 | 288.356 | one | 1 797 337 | 442 | 1 437 251 | 119 | 538 575 | 132 | 557 641 | 573 | 1 636 778 | 279 | 728 826 | 96 | 378 592 | 287 | 1 221 570 | 2 100 | 8 584 926 |
| Примечания. * Кол-во — количество общин соответствующего класса. ** Население — суммарное население общин соответствующего класса. Q: STATISTIK AUSTRIA. Erstellt am 30.06.2015. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Кадастровая община
Кадастровая община — территориальная единица управления, занесённая в земельный кадастр . Кадастровые общины ( Katastralgemeinde ) появились в Австрии в 1770 году с момента создания земельных регистров (в федеральной земле Зальцбург — с 1805 года) для упорядочения начисления налогов. Первоначально границы приходов и кадастровых общин полностью совпадали, несмотря на последующие изменения границ местных общин. В настоящее время границы кадастровых и сегодняшних политических общин регулируются законами на федеральном уровне [18] . Каждой кадастровой общине в Австрии присвоен индивидуальный, зарегистрированный в установленном законом порядке, пятизначный кадастровый номер.
На 1 января 2003 года в Австрии было 7853 кадастровых общин, а уже на 1 января 2004 года только лишь 7846 [18] [19] [20] .
Статистический цельшпренгель
Бюро статистики Австрии для создания сопоставимых данных при обследовании и оценки административных подразделений, для целей выделения наименьшей площади, используемой в качестве объекта управления и т. п., ввело отдельную статистическую единицу цельшпренгель ( нем. Zählsprengel ) [21] [22] .
Самые, самые…
Все данные в данном разделе приведены по состоянию на 01.01.2015 г. [4]
По экстремальным географическим координатам
Kirche in Haugschlag
Hagenegg Palace in Eisenkappel
Schattenburg Castle in Feldkirch
Deutsch-Yarndorf on the map of 1873
| Geographical position | Community | Geographical coordinates | Political District | Federal land |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Haugschlag | 49 ° 01 ′ 14 ″ N ( ) | Gmund | Lower austria |
| South | Eisenkappel-Fellach | 46 ° 22 ′ 21 ″ N ( ) | Völkermarkt | Carinthia |
| West | Feldkirch | 9 ° 31 ′ 51 ″ E ( ) | Feldkirch | Vorarlberg |
| East | Deutsch-Yarndorf | 17 ° 11 ′ 00 ″ E ( ) | Neusiedl am See | Burgenland |
By altitude characteristics
| Location | Altitude, m | Political District | Federal land | Illustration | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Height | Community | ||||
| maximum | Heiligenblut | 3798 | Spittal an der Drau | Carinthia | |
| Kals am Grossglockner | Lienz | Tyrol | |||
| minimal | Appleton | 114 | Neusiedl am See | Burgenland | |
Smallest and largest communities by population
Among all rural communities in Austria :
- the smallest rural community by population is Gramais ( German: Gramais ) in the political district of Reutte (federal state of Tyrol) . Its population is only 46 people;
- The largest rural community by population is Wals-Siezenheim ( German: Wals-Siezenheim ) in the political district of Salzburg-Umgebung (federal state of Salzburg) with the unofficial name of the “largest village” in Austria ( German: Der Ort trägt daher den Beinamen “größtes Dorf Österreichs " [2] ). Its population is 12,794 people. This is more than two hundred and seventy-eight times the population of Austria 's smallest rural community .
Among all the fair communities in Austria :
- the smallest fair community by population is Loretto ( German: Loretto ) in the political district of Eisenstadt-Umgebung ( federal state of Burgenland ). Its population is only 467 people;
- The largest fair community by population is Lustenau ( German: Lustenau ) in the federal state of Vorarlberg . Its population is 21,897 people. This is almost forty-seven times the population of Austria 's smallest fair community.
Among all urban communities in Austria without their own charters:
- The smallest urban community without its own Charter for Population is Rattenberg ( German: Rattenberg ) in the federal state of Tyrol . Its population is only 410 people;
- the largest urban community without its own population charter is Dornbirn ( German: Dornbirn ) in the federal state of Vorarlberg . Its population is 47,417 people. This is more than one hundred and fifteen times the population of Austria 's smallest urban community without its own Charter.
Among all the Austrian states:
- the smallest state by population is Rust ( German Rust ) in the federal state of Burgenland . Its population is only 1,929 people;
- the largest statewide population - Vienna ( German Wien ). It is also simultaneously a political district , federal state and the capital of the federation . Its population is 1,797,337 people. This is more than nine hundred and thirty-one times the population of Austria's smallest state station .
Among all urban communities in Austria :
- The smallest urban community by population is Rattenberg ( German: Rattenberg ) in the state of Tyrol . Its population is only 410 people;
- The largest urban community by population is Vienna ( German: Wien ). It is also simultaneously a political district , federal state and the capital of the federation . Its population is 1 797 337 people. This is more than four thousand three hundred eighty-three times the population of Austria 's smallest urban community .
Among all the political communities in Austria :
- the smallest political community by population is the rural community of Gramais ( German: Gramais ) in the political district of Reutte (federal state of Tyrol) . Its population is only 46 people;
- The largest political community by population is the urban community of Vienna ( German: Wien ). It is also simultaneously the federal state and the capital of the federation . Its population is 1 797 337 people. This is more than thirty-nine thousand times the population of Austria 's smallest political community .
Smallest and largest communities by area
Among all the Austrian states:
- the smallest state-owned area (including inland waters) is the political district of Rust ( German: Rust ) in the federal state of Burgenland . Its territory is only 1 998.96 ha ;
- the largest statewide area (including inland waters) is Vienna ( German Wien ). It is also simultaneously the federal state and the capital of the federation . Its territory is 41,464.84 ha . This is almost twenty times the size of the smallest state of Austria.
Among all the communities in Austria :
- the smallest political community in terms of area (including inland waters) is the urban community of Rattenberg ( German: Rattenberg ) in the political district of Kufstein (federal state of Tyrol) . Its territory is only 11.26 hectares ;
- the largest political community in terms of area (including inland waters) is the rural community of Sölden ( German Sölden ). It is also located in the federal state of Tyrol , but in the political district of Imst . Its territory is 46 678.38 ha . This is four thousand one hundred forty-five and a half times the territory of the smallest political community in Austria.
The most populous ... and not so much
Among all the Austrian states:
- the highest population density in Vienna ( German Wien ) is 4,334.60 people / km² ;
- the smallest population density in statestadt Waidhofen an der Ybbs ( German Waidhofen an der Ybbs ) in the federal state of Lower Austria - 86.18 people / km² . This is more than fifty times less than the population density in Austria's most densely populated state .
The most ... and not very well-offed
Among all the Austrian states:
- the smallest land provision in Vienna ( German Wien ) - 231 m² / person;
- the highest land provision in statestadt Waidhofen an der Ybbs ( German Waidhofen an der Ybbs ) in the federal state of Lower Austria - 11 603 m² / person.
See also
- Constitution of Austria
- Vienna districts
Comments
- ↑ 1 2 The cities of Eisenstadt and Rust use the same E code to register their vehicles.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Austrian Constitution (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment October 16, 2015. Archived February 12, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Communities (Austria) (German)
- ↑ RGBl patent. Nr. 170/1849 (= S. 203) (German)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Communities (German)
- ↑ Identification code of the subject of self-government
- ↑ Official Amtlicher Gemeindeschlüssel community code (German)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Federal states of Austria (German)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rural community in Austria (German)
- ↑ Structural Reform of Municipalities in Styria (German)
- ↑ Large community (German)
- ↑ Structural Reform in Styria (German)
- ↑ Table of administrative units by country
- ↑ 1 2 3 State of Stadtstadt (German)
- ↑ 1 2 City law (German)
- ↑ 1 2 List of Austria's political districts (Wikipedia)
- ↑ Vienna (Wikipedia)
- ↑ European Charter of Local Self-Government
- ↑ 1 2 Cadastral community
- ↑ Cadastral Communities of Burgenland GeoDaten Burgenland (German)
- ↑ Cadastral Communities of Styria (German)
- ↑ Statistical Goals of the Quelle: Statistisk Austria (German)
- ↑ Maps of the placement of target sprengels in Austria. Quelle: Statistisk Austria (German)
Literature
- Decisions of the Government of Austria and the federal states Allgemeines Landesgesetz- und Regierungsblatt (digitalisierte historische österreichische Rechts- und Gesetzestexte) (German)
- Literature about Austria GenWiki (German)
Links
- Communities Statistik Austria (German)
- Community codes Statistik Austria (German)
- ALEX Historical Laws and Regulations Historische Rechts- und Gesetzestexte Online (German)
- Austrian Information System Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes (RIS) (German)
- Communities Statistik Austria (German)
License
- License : Namensnennung 3.0 Österreich (CC BY 3.0 AT) (German)