Koper is a construction machine designed for lifting, installing piles at an immersion point, adjusting, piling a pile into the ground (or extracting) using a loader (or pull-out) [1] . One of the first workable samples of the device was demonstrated by the English scientist James Nesmith in 1843. Also, a pile driver is equipment for measuring the strength of metal and other products (for example, a pendulum pile driver).
Content
Device and principle of operation
Koper lifts the pile, brings it or pulls it to the right place and sets it in the design position. Then the pile is immersed in the ground. After that, the pile driver moves to the installation site of the next pile.
The main methods of diving piles :
- shock immersion ;
- vibration immersion ;
- vibroshab .
Alternative diving methods are also available.
If the dive is carried out by a diesel hammer , which is not fixed to the installation, the pile driver is used to install the hammer on the pile, after which it can move on to the next pile until the first one is hammered. If the pile is immersed by vibration, the vibrator is usually mounted on the pile itself; and the dive procedure involves a pile driver.
Classification
Allocate:
- self-propelled [2] pile drivers;
- non-self-propelled copra [2] : tower;
- hand copra with an internal combustion engine.
According to their purpose, they distinguish:
- pile drivers [3] :
- shock action;
- vibration action;
- manual drivers for driving fence posts (used when installing fences and other fences, for driving pipes into the ground to the 4th category);
- pile-pulling (tongue-and-groove) [1] .
As the working body of the pile driver can be:
- hammers:
- mechanical [3] ;
- steam and air : simple and double action [3] ;
- diesel : rod or tubular [3] ;
- hydraulic [3] ;
- vibrating [3] ;
- pneumatic:
- pneumatic driven by a small gasoline engine;
- vibration exciter : high- or low-frequency loader [3] .
Description and Design
The copying machine consists of the following main parts [1] :
- base machine;
- replaceable pile equipment.
To perform the operations of turning the platform, tilting the mast and changing its reach, the installation can be equipped with appropriate mechanisms [4] .
In hand tools, a hammered cup cup made of forged metal is used to install the headstock on the pipe to be hammered.
- Base machine
The base machine is used to move the copra to the pile driving site [1] . As a running gear used [5] :
- wheel chassis ;
- tracked undercarriage;
- rail device.
On the base machine are located: power plant, transmission and control equipment for working equipment copra [1] .
- Sock equipment
Sawing equipment - replaceable attachments for arrows for general construction machines ( excavators , jib cranes ), which include [1] :
- Winches
- working body.
- Mast
The mast is a structure that provides the movement of equipment, installation of piles, centering and its further guidance on the immersion point. Masts are made of either metal or wood. For fastening, special devices and struts are used [1] .
Application
Kopra are used both to create the basic foundation of new buildings, and to update the foundation of existing buildings. Kopra are also widely used in docks, in the construction of bridges and oil platforms.
Manual copra are used when installing fences and fences of various types, installing grounding lightning rods.
See also
- Mine Operational Pile Driver
- Vibrator
- Pile - extractor - a machine that extracts piles or sheet piles from the ground by transmitting shock and vibration to them or a combination thereof, used in combination with a load-lifting mechanism.
- Diesel hammer - a device for driving piles into the ground, working on the principle of a diesel engine.
- Hydraulic hammer - a device for driving piles into the ground with a hydraulic drive.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 GOST R 50906-96: Drilling equipment. General safety requirements
- ↑ 1 2 Construction pile driver - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S. S. Dobronravov, V. G. Dronov : Construction Machines and Fundamentals of Automation, M: Higher School, 2001, 575s, ISBN 5-06-003857-2
- ↑ B. F. Beletsky, I. G. Bulgakova - Construction Machines and Equipment: Sp-e manual, Rostov-on-Don : Phoenix, 2005 , 608 pp., ISBN 5-222-06968-0
- ↑ GOST R 51602-2000 - Copras for pile work. General specifications