Krasnoslobodsky Theological College

In the Penza diocese until 1840 there were only two similar institutions - Penza and Nizhnelomovsk. Both of these schools were crowded with students. Penza School, despite the two class parallels, because of the small room, especially needed unloading. Moreover, according to the charter, the school should have a room (closed boarding school) for some students studying on a government account. Therefore, the best way out of this situation was the opening of a new school in some county town. Krasnoslobodsk became such a city, where the estate of the famous merchant Abram Dmitrievich Muromtsev was empty at that time.

Column House

This house (a building with columns or a house with three balconies, located in the courtyard of school No. 1) belonged to the famous merchant Abram Dmitrievich Muromtsev in Krasnoslobodsk and the county. He was called the "tycoon monopolist who seized all grain purchases in the Krasnoslobodsky district ". This position could not be won quickly, especially since other magnates lived in the city - Ivan Mikhailovich Sevostyanov, Luka Ivanovich Nenyukov and others. Muromtsev is quite engaged in charity work: he donates to the almshouse and orphans (the almshouse Muromtseva (Vladimir monastery), was one of initiators of the organization of the Assumption Monastery for women . It is known that he built a stone church in the village of Gumny, the Assumption Church in Krasnoslobodsk and, even having become blind, continued to distribute money on the church porch to the poor. Roena supposedly in the late XVIII - early XIX century, i.e. in the era of classicism

in Russian architecture. In the former merchant’s house, elements of classicism are especially evident. This building is characterized by poise, a clear and calm rhythm, adjusted proportions. The main entrance is located in the center and is designed in the form of a portico - a projecting part of the building with columns and a pediment. The architecture of the building indicates that it was built much earlier than the three-story building (1893).

Since the main activity of the merchant was at the beginning of the 19th century in Krasnoslobodsk (the local historian A.S. Nikolsky writes about this in his work), it remains to be assumed that the house with the columns was already standing at the above time, when the owner had all the necessary means for its construction. When determining even approximate dating, it is very important to establish the age of the owner. In the famous work “Krasnoslobodsky Nunnery” Ivan Belyaev (local history priest of the second half of the 19th century) used the word “old man” twice, speaking about Muromtsev. The lexical definition of this word allows us to conclude its age meaning. Consequently, by 1810 (the date of foundation of the Assumption Monastery), Abram Dmitrievich was over sixty years old. By this time he was very rich: he owned sulphate plants located between the city and the future village of Starye Goryashi. The plants were located on the place which is now called in the common people "black land". After his death (d. In 1821), the building was owned by the tycoon Sevastyanov, who sold it to the Penza diocese.

The school was opened in 1844 (as before), it consisted of two schools - county and parish. There were two departments in the county school - higher and lower. The course at the county school was three years. There were only two classes in the parish. Both schools were managed by one supervisor (director). The first superintendent of the school is S. M. Solovyov. A teacher from the city of Penza N.P. Arakcheevsky became an inspector of the Krasnoslobodsky Theological School, and P.F.Bogoyavlensky and I.N. Bobrov, Y. Lebedevsky, K. Tikhomirov were identified as teachers. Ya. P. Lebedevsky (who graduated from the seminary) and priest of the Krasnoslobodsky Assumption Church I. Tikhomirov (at this time the Assumption Monastery was not officially opened yet and the Assumption Church functions as a parish school) were appointed to the parish school. Children were enrolled in the school mainly from families of clergymen of various districts of the Penza province: Krasnoslobodsky, Insarsky, Saransky, Narovchatsky, as well as official pupils (bursaks) of the Penza diocese, (60 students). 154 students were supposed to come from the Penza school, 52 from Nizhny Lomosky. A total of 205 people were accepted to the county and parish schools. March 5, 1844 S.M. Soloviev arrives in Krasnoslobodsk - on March 13 and 18 he takes over the farm. So in business and troubles came April 9th ​​- the opening day of the Krasnoslobodsky Theological School. For more than 60 years, the Krasnoslobodsky Theological School has been preparing for entering Penza Theological Seminary and church services. The content of each, according to the states of 1836, accounted for 22 rubles. 84 cop. silver per year.

In the middle of the wide courtyard of the Muromtse estate, littered with various construction debris, stood a stone two-story house with “three balconies” (a house with columns). In this building were two classes of the county school. Here were the apartments of the caretaker and two teachers of the county school, as well as the library. On the sides were two wings. In the next building (modern cocked hat) - two classes of the parish school and apartments for two teachers. In the eastern corner of the courtyard there was a wooden bathhouse, which had already fallen into disrepair. Behind the bathhouse there were brick buildings of two glaciers with an iron roof. The southeast side of the courtyard was without buildings. In the northwest corner was another stone building, which in a very modified form has survived to our time (the school building with an attached sports hall). In it were: inspector's apartment, hospital, kitchen and a bakery. Nearby, in the northern one-story outbuilding there are two rooms for state-owned inmates (Bursaks) and two dining rooms. On the front side (where the central building of the city school No. 1 now stands proudly) was a wasteland littered with construction waste. The school was surrounded by a low stone fence with stone pillars. At that time, there was no iron grate between these pillars.

Training Program

The school curriculum consisted of the following subjects: in the first place - the law of God with a brief sacred history, students studied the basics of ancient Greek and Latin; great importance was attached to the Old Slavonic and Russian languages, geography, arithmetic, church statutes and church music singing. The program at the parish school was somewhat more modest: a brief catechism with a short history, Russian grammar, the initial rules of arithmetic, calligraphy, reading and musical notation. The educational institution is acquiring internal orders. At the end of each month, statements are compiled to reflect student successes and behavior. Students are encouraged to comply with internal regulations. Particularly distinguished are the names of students who distinguished themselves not only by behavior, but also by excellent study. Those who did not want to study were fined, and those who received the benefit were deprived of it. Some were excluded. The academic year 1843/44 ended. He brought joy to 30 students who were accepted to the Penza seminary. From the beginning of the new school year, a student at the Michkassky seminary arrives at the position of teacher. Having good musical data, he organizes a choir. This was an innovation, not only for the school, but also for the county as a whole. For the school choir, a church was required (one will appear only with the construction of a new three-story building in 1893). Such a church became the Annunciation . Innovation has taken root. Krasnoslobodchane began to attend this church more often. Soon all Krasnoslobodsky aristocrats began to appear here. The popularity of the school choir is also evidenced by the fact that choristers performed in private homes, their concerts decorated home holidays. Performed not only spiritual works, but also secular. Often choristers also performed in the garden of Sevostyanov (he was called a nobleman and was in the territory of a modern factory). For a small county town, far from the provincial centers, the activities of the school choir were of great cultural significance. At the beginning of the 1852-53 school year, the school was transformed: instead of the county and parish, only one remained - the county school.

Interesting fact.

Paradoxical as it may seem, for surnames, random names were chosen. Some received a new surname or fixed the one they had. According to documents, almost half of all students of the Krasnoslobodsky Theological School took new surnames.

Front building

In 1891, half a century has passed since the opening of the school; students studied in old buildings. Buildings buildings required repair. Buildings gradually collapsed: cracks began to appear in the walls, the arch of the educational building (estate), on the basis of which the columns stood, also collapsed.

Frequent repairs gradually changed the appearance of the Muromtsev estate. In 1892, the front area littered with construction waste was cleaned. For the school, construction began on a large ceremonial three-story building, with spacious classrooms, and its own church. The home church of Mitrofan Bishop of Voronezh was built into the front building. From the side of the courtyard is clearly visible church extension. The construction of the building ends in 1893. The territory is surrounded by a beautiful trellised fence.

After the Revolution

The county school where the psalmists were trained existed until the revolution. After the Bolshevik coup, the detachment was occupied by a detachment of Red Army soldiers. The school buildings survived from the defeat, and survived to the present. In December 1923, the city school was located in them. Since the foundation, the appearance of buildings has changed a lot, but the spirit of the XIX century is still present. Vaulted ceilings, figuratively forged internal stairs are noteworthy. The former building of the theological school still faithfully serves education.

• Lyutov A.V. From the history of the theological school, “House with columns” // Krasnaya Sloboda, August 13. 1997
• Lyutov A.V. From the history of the theological school, “After the Fire.” // Krasnaya Sloboda, August 20. 1997
• Lyutov A.V. From the history of the theological school, “First graduation.” // Krasnaya Sloboda, August 27. 1997
• Lyutov A.V. We are 85. / Anniversary of Krasnoslobodskaya secondary school No. 1, // Krasnaya Sloboda, February 2009.
• Belyaev I. Krasnoslobodsky Theological College, historical outline. 1844 - 1852 g. - 1875