Aposle ( English Apostle Islands ) - a group of 22 islands located in Lake Superior , opposite the Peninsula [1] , in northern Wisconsin , USA . 18 of the islands are administratively located in Ashland County , the remaining four are in Bayfield County . All islands, except the largest, , are part of the national coast of .
| Aposl | |
|---|---|
| English Apostle islands | |
 Map of the National Coast | |
| Characteristics | |
| Number of islands | 22 |
| Largest island | Madeleine |
| total area | 220,443 km² |
| Population | 246 people (2010) |
| Population density | 1.12 people / km² |
| Location | |
| Water area | Top |
| A country |
|
| State | Wisconsin |
| Counties | Ashland , Bayfield |
- This article is about the American archipelago on Lake Superior. For the French archipelago in the Indian Ocean, see Art. .
Content
- 1 Description
- 2 History
- 3 List of islands
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Description
The main trees of the archipelago are taiga : gray spruce , balsam fir , paper birch , western thuja , weymouth pine , balsam poplar, aspen-shaped poplar . Numerous birds nest on the islands: the , the Delaware gull , the eared cormorant , the great blue heron , the white-faced mountain swallow ; more than 80% of all birds of the archipelago live on two islands with speaking names -Gall and Eagle [2] .
On Island, water created sea caves - in cold winters, when the water freezes hard, tourists can explore unusual ice structures of nature [3] .
History
The most ancient traces of a person’s presence on the archipelago, archaeologists date back to the 1st century BC, however, the oldest traces of permanent settlements here date back to the 10th century - the Anishinaab ( Ojibwe ) peoples lived here, mainly on the Madeleine islands (the main settlement), Stockton and Manitou. For the first time, a European’s foot set foot on these islands in 1640: French pioneers gave the name to the Indian capital , and from 1693 to 1698 and from 1718 to 1759 this settlement was a fortified French trading post, the capital of the Empire New France "". Meanwhile, the Indians in this territory became more and more, the land and the lake could not feed everyone, so in 1811 the leader led his soldiers to the war with the United States - this conflict is known as the Tecumseh War . The Indians' war was lost, and since 1816 the flag of the United States fluttered over the islands.
The name was given to the archipelago in the middle of the 18th century by a French Jesuit priest, traveler and historian in honor of the 12 apostles , among the 12 largest islands.
In the second half of the 19th century, brown sandstone quarries worked on several islands of the archipelago, logging and fishing camps existed, and there were permanent settlements of up to 80 people. However, careers were quickly exhausted, people began to leave, and after the Great Depression the archipelago remained virtually uninhabited.
Since 1929, development began on giving the islands a protective status [4] , but in 1935 it was recognized that Aposl Islands cannot be given the status of “ state park ” due to the high cost of the project, since most of them were privately owned; at that time, about 250 people lived permanently on the archipelago [5] . In 1970, all the islands of the archipelago, except the largest, , became part of the national coast of [6] . Currently, 64 tourist camps are equipped on the islands [4] .
List of Islands
| Title | Area, km² | Native American name | Affiliation | Photo | short info |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 62,157 | Mooneyguancaaning | Ashland County , pos. | The largest island of the archipelago. The only islands of the archipelago with a permanent population (246 people). The only island of the archipelago is not part of the national coast of . Museum [7] , church, , , regular ferry from the "mainland". | ||
| 40,058 | Gigauekamingo | Ashland County , pos. | The largest island of the national coast . A large number of baribals , "singing sands." | ||
| Gaul | 0.014 | Gaiaashko | Ashland County , pos. | The smallest island in the group. | |
| Eagle | 0,112 | Naabikuaani | Bayfield County , | The most western island in the group. Access to it is closed so as not to disturb the birds. | |
| Outer | 31,812 | Gichi ishkuaayan | Ashland County , pos. | The easternmost and northernmost island in the group. . Abandoned at the end of the XIX century factory, buildings, railway line with a length of more than 11 km. | |
| Oak | 20,332 | Mitigominikaani | Ashland County , pos. | ||
| Sand | 11,571 | Waabaabikaa | Bayfield County , | . The island was inhabited from the 1870s to the 1930s: a school, a post office, a store worked, the population reached 56 people. | |
| Basswood | 7,747 | Wiiigobish | Ashland County , pos. | Quarry for the extraction of brown sandstone from 1868 to the 1890s (entered in the NRIM in the 1970s). One family from 1865 to 1923. | |
| Rem | 7,341 | Makua | Ashland County , pos. | ||
| Michigan | 6,227 | Bagidaabia | Ashland County , pos. | ||
| 3,187 | Esqueguindeg Ashuaguindag-Miniss | Ashland County , pos. | It got its name in honor of the hermit who lived here from the 1840s to 1861. Several quarries for the extraction of brown sandstone from the 1860s to 1890s. In English, it was also called Illinois Island, Austrian Island, Wilson Island and Eskew . | ||
| Kat | 5,419 | The Hague Kagaguanjikag-Miniss | Ashland County , pos. | In English, it also bore the names Texas Island, Tsuga Island and Botin Island . | |
| Otter | 5,353 | Anuyoshin nigig | Ashland County , pos. | ||
| Manitow | 5,363 | Mandidoo | Ashland County , pos. | In English, it was also called New Jersey and Tate . Logging and fishing camp . | |
| Rocky | 4,246 | Ziinzibaacuado | Ashland County , pos. | The fishing camp and the Historic District are both listed in the NRIM (1977 and 2008). | |
| Long | 1,249 | Zaaguaamikong | Ashland County , | The southernmost island in the group. The only island of the archipelago is not part of it geologically. Got its name due to the fact that with a length of 6.4 km its width does not exceed 380 m. | |
| Ironwood | 2,695 | Gaa-maananoonsi | Ashland County , pos. | ||
| York | 1,108 | Miskuaabiimizhikag | Bayfield County , | ||
| 1,164 | Miskominikani | Bayfield County , | . The only island of the archipelago on which there are no deer. Also, despite the name , the island has no wild raspberries. | ||
| 1,256 | Maji manidoo | Ashland County , pos. | . In English, it also bore the names of the island of Louisiana, Barney, the island of Lambourne, Brownstone and Rabbit . The name of the island is associated with a strong unusual noise of the surf, which knocked out numerous sea caves over millions of years. | ||
| South twain | 1,361 | Waaboozo | Ashland County , pos. | ||
| North twin | 0.671 | Misokasinikaag | Ashland County , pos. |
See also
Notes
- ↑ Apos Islands ( go .) On go-wisconsin.com
- ↑ Apos Island National Coast Birds on nps.gov
- ↑ The icy Superior Lake and the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore Cave (Russian) on kulturologia.ru
- ↑ 1 2 Chelsea Lewis. Apostle Islands adventure on wisconsintrails.com
- ↑ Find Apostle Islands unfeasible for park (English) Sheboygan Daily Press , July 8, 1935
- ↑ Apolles Islands National Coast on nps.gov
- ↑ Museum of Madeleine Island
Links
- Official website
- Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (Wisconsin ) on nps.gov
- Friends of the Aposles Islands
- Harold Jordal Jr. A Unique Collection of Islands (Eng.) April 1994
- Apostle Islands Rescue on YouTube