Sadovskoy, Boris Alexandrovich

The hereditary nobleman in the second generation, was born on February 10 (22), 1881 in the city of Ardatov in the Nizhny Novgorod province in the family of the inspector of the Specific Office. Sadovsky's father was a prominent public figure in Nizhny Novgorod , a native of the clergy, he served the nobility. In 1902, Boris entered the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University .

Literary debut - the poem "John the Terrible" (1901) in the Nizhny Novgorod newspaper "Volgar".

In 1904, at the invitation of V. Bryusov, he wrote critical notes in the journal Libra . Later he collaborated with the magazines " Russian Thought ", " Northern Notes ".

In 1909, Sadovsky’s first poetic collection “Late Morning” was published, then the poet took the pseudonym, changing the end of his surname to “oh” (in accordance with the image of Sadovsky, the “reactionary” and the monarchist, this gave his priestly origin the surname flavor) . He was part of the circle of symbolists , was connected by friendship with many of them ( Blok , Bely , Bryusov, Solovyov ).

By 1918, he had published six poetry books (the last, The Abode of Death, in 1917) and several collections of short stories. Despite personal contacts with poets of Russian symbolism and collaboration in leading symbolist magazines (as not only an author, but also a critic who sarcastically opposed opponents of the movement), in his work he focused mainly on poetry of the 19th century , primarily A. Fet , a fan and whose biographer he was (even the names of most of his books are taken from Fet's poems). Already in the poetry book “Samovar” he principally declared his commitment to patriarchy. For the poetization of Russian life of the XVIII-XIX centuries. he was called the "romantic conservative." Sadovsky’s prose (collections of “The Cast Iron Pattern” and others) is among the “stylizations” fashionable in the Silver Age for documents of the past: language consistent narration is conducted on behalf of storytellers of the 18th and 19th centuries, among the characters are Russian writers and statesmen, a favorite the scene is Petersburg of the Pushkin era. So, the basis of “Two chapters from unreleased notes” was based on the real facts of the biography of E. Baratynsky , and the basis of The Petersburg Warlock is an episode from the life of Pushkin . Other stories and novels of Sadovsky bear the imprint of a parody, mystical fiction in the spirit of E. T. A. Hoffmann and E. Poe . "Ilyin Day" - a stylization of Gogol's science fiction; The "double" in a satirical spirit describes travel to the past and future .

A characteristic feature of Sadovsky's personality and creative image is the accented aesthetic monarchism ( Nicholas I was his constant idol), right-wing political views and the romanticization of the nobility; such an image was deliberately shocking (see the memoirs of V.F. Khodasevich , a friend of Sadovsky). By the 1910s, Sadovsky’s relationship with the masters of symbolism (primarily with Bryusov ) had deteriorated, and he took a distinctive position “outside of groups”. A collection of literary and critical articles by Sadovsky “Russian Kamena” is entirely devoted to poets of the 19th century.

The peculiarity of his work is that it completely belongs to the 19th century, and not to the contemporary literary process.

- Wolfgang Cossack

Suffered by dry spinal cord due to syphilis suffered in 1903 and intensive treatment with mercury preparations, Sadovskaya from 1916 was paralyzed and lost his ability to walk. At the end of the 1920s, being almost completely isolated from public and literary life (in 1925 even rumors spread of his death abroad, and Khodasevich published an obituary to Sadovsky), he settled with his wife in an apartment located in one of the cells of the Novodevichy Convent . There he continued to write poems and prose that were not intended for printing (during his lifetime he published only a parody historical and science fiction novel from the era of Peter I, “The Adventures of Karl Weber”, 1928 — Sadovsky's last book; the novel was fully published only in 1990 as “Karl Weber”) imbued with intensifying right-wing sentiments. In the early 1930s, Sadowskaya was experiencing a spiritual crisis and felt like an "Orthodox monk of the era" before the Antichrist. " For the late Sadovsky, even Pushkin and Lermontov are incarnations of the devilish principle, encroaching on the Orthodox-monarchical world order; the justification of Lermontov’s murderer Martynov is devoted to the novel “Wheat and Tares” (1936-1941, publ. 1993). Sadovsky’s later works are not alien to artistic experiments: for example, he developed the form of a short “novel” (less than five printed pages), built on a quick change of episodes and voices of characters. For the official Soviet press, using his talent as a stylist, he created a series of successful hoaxes. So, he composed one parody poem composed by him back in 1913, alternately giving out either Blok or Yesenin (and it was part of the collected works of both poets), published mystified memories of Bryusov, and invented the friendship of his father with Lenin’s father I.N. Ulyanov and others. Communicated with Korney Chukovsky , who arrived in 1939 in Moscow Marina Tsvetaeva , part of the archive which has been preserved.

In 1941 , he joined the secret monarchist organization “See”, whose members were preparing for the Germans to come to Moscow. This organization was created by the NKVD , which planned to use it in the large-scale intelligence and counter-intelligence operation "Monastery" . In fact, this organization and personally Sadovskaya were not involved in real intelligence activities. He did not know about the fictitiousness of the "Throne" Sadowskaya, however, he was not subjected to persecution and died on March 5, 1952 .

In January 1941, in response to K. Chukovsky’s congratulations on the 40th anniversary of literary activity, Sadovsky wrote to him: “We have not seen each other for 25 years. This is now about the same period as from Rurik to 1914 . All this time I spent alone with myself, without leaving my chair, and I acquired such inner treasures that I could not even dream of. My past interests (you reminded me of them in a letter) before the current ones are the same as a pea in front of the sun: there is one form, but there is a difference in content and size ” ^[2] .

In the 1990s interest in the work of Sadovsky is reviving. In 1990, the one-volume edition “Swan Clicks” was published, which included the best of the writer's prose things. Following him appear publications in magazines and almanacs. In 2001, within the framework of the New Poetry Library project, a collection of Sadovsky's works was published in the Small Series. The book includes seven poetry collections published during his lifetime. Poems and translations of Sadovsky from a later period (1922-1945) are also printed. From February to April 2006, the exhibition "Boris Sadovsky - a poet from the Silver Age" was held in the rare books and manuscripts department of the regional library of Nizhny Novgorod. In 2010, a collection of Sadovsky's works was released entitled “Frosty patterns. Poems and letters. " It included more than 400 poems, including those not previously published and collected by the publisher from private archives and pre-revolutionary periodicals, as well as correspondence with O. G. Sheremeteva.

Poems

• Late morning: Poems by Boris Sadovsky, 1904-1908. M .: Type. Distribution Islands useful books, 1909. - 86, [2] p.
• Fifty Swans: Poems by Boris Sadovsky, 1909-1911. St. Petersburg: Lights , 1913. - [2], 97, [4] p.
• Oblique rays: Five poems. M .: Publishing. V. Portugalov, 1914 .-- 48 p.
• Samovar: [Poems]. M .: Alcyone , 1914. - [24] p.
• Noon: A collection of poems, 1905-1914 / Obl. D. Mitrokhin . PG: Lukomorye , 1915 .-- 300 s.
• Death Place: Poems. [M.]: ed. author, 1917. - 48 p.
• Frosty patterns: Short stories in verses and prose / Obl. and saver A.P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva . Pg.: Time , 1922. - 78, [1] p.

Prose

• Cast Iron Pattern: Short Stories. M .: Alcyone, 1911. - [4], 131, [4] p.
• Admiralty Needle: Short Stories, 1909-1914 / Region. S. N. Gruzenberg. PG: book b. M. V. Popov, [1915]. - 168 p.
• Swan Clicks: [Tale. - Two-headed eagle: A Tale]. PG: book b. M. V. Popov, [1915]. - 197, [3] p.
• The Adventures of Karl Weber: Novel. M .: Federation; Writers' Artel “Circle”, 1928. - 143 p.

Articles

• Russian Kamena: Lit.-Crit. articles. M .: Musaget, 1910. - [4], 160 p.
• Winter: Articles about Russian poetry. PG: Type. "Sirius", 1915. - 45, [2] p.
• Ice drift: Articles and notes. PG: [ed. ed.], 1916. - 206, [1] p.

Posthumous Editions

• Swan Clicks / Comp., Afterg. and comment. S.V. Shumikhina; The artist. A. Tomilin. M .: Sov. writer, 1990. - 475, [1] p.
• The Adventures of Karl Weber: Novel. L .: Hood. lit., 1991. - 76, [2] p.
• Boris Sadovsky. Notes // Russian Archive. - M., 1994, p. 106.
• Poems. Stories in verse. Plays / Comp., Foreword. and comment. S.V. Shumikhina. SPb., 2001.
• Frosty patterns: Poems and letters / Comp., Afterword. and comment. T.V. Anchugovoi. M .: Aquarius, 2010. - 565, [3] p.

• Shumikhin S. V. Coeval of the Silver Age. "Notes by B. A. Sadovsky." // Meeting with the past. Vol. 6. - M., 1988, p. 166-131.
• Wolfgang Cossack. Lexicon of Russian literature of the XX century. - M.: RIC "Culture", 1996. S.360
• Russian writers. 1800-1917: Biographer. dictionary. T.5 / Ch. ed. P.A. Nikolaev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 2007. S.445-450

• Site of Boris Sadovsky
• Page on the site "Silver Age"
• Page on the site "Poetry of Moscow University"
• On the 55th anniversary of the death of Boris Alexandrovich Sadovsky
• Materials of B. A. Sadovsky in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI)
• Boris Sadovsky on the site "Age of Translation"