Avraamov, Nikolai Yurievich

Fleet lieutenant N. Yu. Avraamov

Nikolai Yurievich Avraamov was born on June 7 (June 19), 1892 ^[1] in Baku in a hereditary noble family ^[2] . In 1906, after graduating from high school, he entered the Cadet in the Marine Corps . In service since 1909. May 2, 1912 produced in ship midshipmen . For excellent study, he was awarded the right to undergo naval practice on warships in England. October 5, 1912 was promoted to midshipman for the exam. In December 1912 he was appointed commander of the Baltic Fleet ^{[3] [4]} as the watch commander, junior artilleryman of the “Stormbreaker” cruiser .

Participation in World War I

Member of the First World War. In 1915 he graduated from the Officer Artillery class in Helsingfors and returned to the Stormbreaker cruiser. He was appointed to command a company of a separate battalion of "hunters", created from fine sailors, among whom was an electric sailor decommissioned from the flagship Emperor Pavel I , Pavel Dybenko (later the 1st People's Commissar for Maritime Affairs of the RSFSR ) ^[4] . In the winter of 1916 near Riga , during a reconnaissance sortie of the "hunters" behind the Germans, Avraamov was seriously wounded. He was undergoing treatment at a marine hospital. April 10, 1916 was promoted to lieutenant of the fleet ^[1] .

In August 1916 he was appointed an artillery officer, senior assistant to the commander of the destroyer " Lieutenant Ilyin " ^[3] .

Civil War

In 1917, Avraamov was elected commander of the ship and chairman of the ship’s committee, later was elected a member of the Helsingfors Council of workers, peasants and soldiers, and on the recommendation of Dybenko a member of the artillery section of the Central Balt . Until March 1918, Abraham served as a senior officer on the destroyer "Lieutenant Ilyin." He was a member of the Ice Campaign of the ships of the Baltic Fleet from Helsingfors to Kronstadt ^{[5] [6]} .

Since April 1918 he was an inspector for the supply of fuel to the Baltic Fleet Water Transport. In May 1920, he was sent by the flagship artilleryman (flagart) of the Headquarters of the Commander of the Republic of the Naval Forces (Headquarters of Comorsi) of Southwest to Nikolaev to the Black Sea Fleet , participated in the liberation of Ochakov and Novorossiysk . Then he performed the duties of port inspector, and in July-August 1920 he served as deputy flag leader of the headquarters of the Black and Azov Seas . In mid-August 1920, whites landed an expeditionary army in the port of Akhtari. A marine division was created to repel the blow. One of the battalions of the division of sailors was commanded by Abraham. At a Sukko farm, he was hit in the head, but he did not leave the battlefield. In August 1920, the naval commander Avraamov was appointed chief of artillery of the Caucasian sector headquarters in the city of Novorossiysk, and then until February 1921 he served as chief of artillery and chief of the Novorossiysk fortified region ^[6] .

In February-August 1921, he served as chief of the Tuapse fortified area of ​​the Caucasian coast. From August to September 1921 he was a naval expert of the commission for cleaning the personnel of the fleet in Sevastopol . In October 1921 he was appointed commander of the gunboat "Elpidifor" No. 413 ^[6] . He fell ill and until April 1922 was in the hospital in Batumi and Tiflis ^[4] . He was demobilized from the RKKF for disability ^[6] .

Repeatedly, Abraham submitted reports to the People’s Commissariat for Naval Affairs with a request to return to service. In April 1925 he was appointed assistant commander of the Training Unit of the ships of the Black Sea Naval Forces for the training part. From July 1925 to October 1926, he served as the head of the Training Unit, and then served as the head of the command and control department of the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet, and later, until November 1930, as the head of the department and the Headquarters of the Naval Forces of the Black Sea Fleet ^[6] . He was awarded the Revolutionary Military Council of the Naval Forces of the Black Sea with a silver cigarette case , on the lid of which was engraved: “To the tested soldier for the cause of the proletariat comrade. Avraamov N. Yu. RVSMSCHM, 1918 - 11/23/1928 ” ^[4] .

Repression

In November 1930, Avraamov was repressed as a former officer of the Imperial Navy of Russia and demobilized from service ^[6] . June 6, 1931 was convicted of "participation in the counter-revolutionary organization of the Black Sea Maritime Forces" and sentenced to death. On November 28, 1931, this decision was replaced by 10 years of imprisonment in a concentration camp. Avraamov was imprisoned for about two years, first in Sevastopol, and then in Simferopol . In November 1932 he was prematurely released ^[3] .

In January 1932, the demobilization order was canceled, and Abraham was reinstated in the service ^[6] , but with a demotion to the rank of captain of the 2nd rank . Appointed to teach. From January 1932 to September 1939 he was a teacher, then a senior teacher, the head of the naval practice cycle of the Naval School named after MV Frunze . In 1934, N. Avraamov compiled the textbook “Boat. Responses to the questionnaire on preparing students and cadets for passing tests for the boat commander ”, according to which many generations of sailors studied ^[3] .

On September 17, 1939, the People's Commissar of the Navy of the USSR N. G. Kuznetsov personally restored the rank of captain of the 1st rank to Avraamov in his office. Until February 1941, Avraamov served as an inspector, senior inspector of the maritime training department of the Office of Naval Educational Institutions, and then until July 1941 he was head of the department of maritime practice at the F. Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School ^[7] .

Participation in the Great Patriotic War

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War was found by N. Avraamov on Lake Peipsi , where he led the practice of cadets at the naval engineering school. July 3, 1941 on the basis of the division of training ships of the Higher Naval Engineering School named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, the Peipsi Flotilla was created, the commander of which was appointed Avraamov ^[7] .

The flotilla was made up of gunboats - the former training ships Narova, Embach, Tartu, Issa, small armed steamers, tugboats and ships. The flotilla received the task of assisting the ground forces in the defense of the Gdov section of the Leningrad Front. She fought in July-August 1941. After the loss of Gdov, the flotilla continued fighting from Mustve on the western shore of Lake Peipsi. On August 13, after the enemy occupied the entire shore of Lake Peipsi, the flotilla ships were flooded. The sailors went ashore and participated in land battles northeast of the city of Kingisepp. Some of the sailors of the flotilla entered the partisan detachments. On August 20, Avraamov, led by 189 cadets, arrived in Leningrad; on August 27, the Peipsi military flotilla was disbanded by order of the commander of the Naval Defense of Leningrad and the Lake District ^[7] .

From September 1941, he was the Commissioner for the implementation of water supply operations for the city of Leningrad, the troops of the Leningrad Front and the Baltic Fleet with weapons and food, was deputy commander of the Ladoga military flotilla, from December 1941 to May 1942 Avraamov was the first commander of the Osinovets naval base, where he organized work in the winter to deepen bays and harbors, to create new moorings, marinas and breakwaters, which made it possible to ensure expeditious transportation on deep-seated troops ships and ruzhiya ^[8] . In May 1942, he was appointed head of the Baltic Fleet junior lieutenant courses, from January 1943 to April 1944 he was the head of the Young School located on the Solovetsky Islands . Among the young was the future writer V. Pikul ^[2] .

In April 1944, Avraamov was appointed to the post of head of the Leningrad Naval Preparatory School. In September 1946, he was relieved of his post and assigned to the Navy Personnel Office. From October 1946 to October 1948 he was deputy head of the Research Institute for Emergency and Rescue Services, after which he retired ^[2] .

N. Yu. Avraamov died on April 3, 1949 in Leningrad, was buried in the Serafimovsky cemetery ^[4] .

Nikolai Yurievich Avraamov founder of the maritime dynasty of Abraham. He was married to Tamara Ivanovna (nee Lityago), who for many years was an employee of the Navy. The family had two children: daughter Natalya and son George , who followed in the footsteps of his father, graduated from the Nakhimov School in 1944, the Higher Naval School named after M.V. Frunze, became a sailor, the head of the Black Sea Higher Naval School named after P. S. Nakhimov , Vice Admiral . The naval dynasty of the Avraamovs was continued by the grandson of Nikolai Yuryevich, his namesake Nikolai - he graduated from the LNVMU , VVMU named after M.V. Frunze, became the commander of the ship, captain of the 2nd rank. The great-grandchildren Anton and Pavel also graduated from the St. Petersburg Naval Institute (the former Higher Naval School named after MV Frunze) and became naval officers ^{[2] [9] [2]} .

Russian Empire ^[1] :

• Order of St. Stanislav 3 degrees with swords and bow (May 29, 1915);
• Order of St. Anne IV degree with the inscription "For courage",
• Order of St. Anne of the III degree with swords and bow,
• Order of St. Vladimir IV degree with swords and bow,
• light bronze medal "In memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty" (1913);

Soviet:

• Order of Lenin (1945) ^[2] ,
• Order of the Red Banner (1942, December 8, 1944, 1944) ^[6] ,
• Order of the Patriotic War I degree (twice, the first order on April 27, 1944) ^[6] ,
• Order of the Red Star (1945) ^[5] ,
• medals, including the medal "XX years of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army" , the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" (November 11, 1943) ^{[6] [10]} , the medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." ^[11] et al.

• Avraamov N. Yu. Trafalgar battle. M .: Military Publishing, 1938.
• Avraamov N. Yu. Ship lifting, 1938.
• Avraamov N. Yu. Podvysotsky B.M. Marine practice. Maneuvering the ship. - M: Military horizon, 1939.
• Avraamov N. Yu. On the water. The military library of the Komsomol member. Young guard. 1941 .-- 76 p.
• Avraamov N. Yu. Maneuvering the ship. A practical guide for commanders and cadets of the Navy. M.-L.: Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF USSR, 1939 184 p.
• Avraamov N. Yu. Preparation and unloading of goods. 1939.
• Avraamov N. Yu. Fundamentals of naval affairs. 1940.
• Avraamov N. Yu. Struggle for survivability and maintenance of the ship in good condition on the water. 941.
• Avraamov N. Yu., Fedotov V.N. Naval affairs. Part 2. Boat business. M. Military Publishing House of the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. 1948.

The writer-marine painter Valentin Pikul dedicated his first book, The Ocean Patrol, to the Nikolai Yurievich Avraamov, which was published in 1964. In the first lines of this book, the writer wrote “In memory of young friends who fell in battle with the enemies, and the blessed memory of the 1st-rank captain Nikolay Yuryevich Avraamov who raised them, the author devotes this his first book” ^[12] .

In 1981, Valentin Savvich dedicated the Avraamov family another book, “ Three ages of Okini-san, ” where he wrote “The Married Couple of the Avraamovs - Era Pavlovna and Georgy Nikolaevich, in whose family three generations have served the Fatherland on the seas” ^[13] .

In 1999, the name of Nikolai Yurievich Avraamov was listed in the Golden Book of St. Petersburg ^[14] .

• Nikolai Yuryevich Avraamov - Captain of the 1st rank of the Soviet Navy, teacher. (unspecified) . Website "Our Baku". Date of appeal October 12, 2015.