The Battle of the Irjar is a major clash of Russians with the Bukharians on May 8 (20), 1866 near the Irjar, a boundary on the left bank of the Syr Darya , between Chinaz and Khujand .
| Irjar battle | |||
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| Main conflict: Promotion of the Russian Empire in Central Asia | |||
 Theater of war (drawing from the article " Irjar " " Sytin 's Military Encyclopedia ") | |||
| date | May 8 (20) [1] 1866 | ||
| A place | tract Irjar, now the territory of Uzbekistan [2] | ||
| Total | Russian victory | ||
| Opponents | |||
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| Commanders | |||
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| Forces of the parties | |||
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| Losses | |||
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Content
The situation on the eve of the battle
A year before the events described, the conquest of the Kokand Khanate of Tashkent that had previously belonged to the Russian Empire occurred. After this event, at the request of the Emir of Bukhara, an embassy was sent by General Chernyaev to Bukhara as part of the astronomer K. V. Struve , an officer of the General Staff, a topographer and a mining engineer [4] . The embassy in Bukhara was detained by the khan, who promised to release him three times and deceived the Russian authorities three times. Since spring, the gangs of Bukharians, robbing Kyrgyz, seizing mail, destroying fuel reserves in the Syrdarya , and even shooting at Russian steamers, began to openly open into Russian possessions [5] .
By May, it became known that, having assembled significant foot and equestrian forces with artillery, the emir, in part with them, had already crossed the Syr Darya - to the rear of the Russian detachment based in Chinaz . Active actions and the offensive for the Russians became a necessity [6] .
Battle Course
A Russian detachment under the command of General DI Romanovsky made a 7 (19) May out of Chinaz consisting of 14 infantry companies and 5 hundred Cossacks with 20 guns and 8 rocket launchers in the steppe in the direction of the Irdzhar tract. The ship "Perovsky" brought food for the detachment at the rate of 10 days. A parallel auxiliary detachment of Krayevsky moved along the right bank of the Syr Darya from the Keleuchinsky fortification.
At the end of the first 30 milest crossing to the wells of Murza-Rabat , when there were still about 20 versts left before the Irjar, the Cossacks shot down the first appeared groups of Bukhara cavalry at dawn; Artillery also began to operate, which did not cease fire from that moment until the very end of the battle [6] .
In the head of the Russian column, Captain A.K. Abramov was moving with 6 companies and 8 cannons. On the right was Lieutenant Colonel Pistolkors with Cossacks, rocket launchers and 6 guns. A reserve of 3 companies with 4 guns of Major Pischemuki and a closed carriage moved from behind [6] .
(from the watercolor of General Romanovsky)
On May 8 (May 20), the Bukhara army attacked the Russian detachment: cavalry crowds of Bukharians and Kirghiz surrounded it from all sides, especially heavily perching on the wagon train of Lieutenant Colonel Fovitsky [6] .
For 1½ versts to the Bukhara positions, the Russian detachment was met with strong cannon fire from the trenches. However, the Russian columns were able to make their way through the gathering of Bukhara cavalry, who continued their attacks. After about an hour, the pressure of the Bukharians weakened, and the Russian columns counterattacked: parts of Abramov moved into the rubble, took them for half an hour. Pistelkors also proved himself, quickly taking one enemy position after another [6] . In the course of the battle, the Bukhara army was defeated and, after unsuccessful attempts to launch a counterattack, fled into their possession, sustaining significant losses [7] . Those Bukharians who tried to go to the right bank of the Syr Darya were hit by the Keleuchinsky detachment.
Emir Muzaffar himself provoked his army to flee [8] , fleeing to Samarkand . The huge Bukhar camp went to the Russians along with all the property. The next day, the Russians took another camp — the emir’s headquarters — where carpets, sofas, Khan’s kitchen and the report of the Samarkand Bek from the front line became their trophies, that “Russians are already surrounded and will soon be all in captivity” [9] .
The Bukhara tents were dismantled by Russian soldiers on their shirts, and later on they could see shirts half made of blue, half of red or green matter, with fancy dragons or birds during the whole hike.
Results and consequences of the battle
Despite their large number, the Bukharians suffered a complete defeat, having lost about a thousand people killed, while the Russians had only 12 wounded. The trophies of the Russian detachment consisted of 10 guns, stocks of gunpowder, ammunition, shells.
The victory at Ijar opened the way for the Russian army to cover the access to the Fergana Valley of Khojent , the fortress of Naw, Dzhizak (Romanovsky did not pursue Muzaffar, who fled to Samarkand ), who were taken after the Irdzhai victory [10] [11] .
Emir Muzaffar, arriving in Bukhara , was met by a crowd hostile to him, accusing him of failing. The ulama demanded the start of the war, Muzaffar hesitated and did not dare to do so. Then, on the general council, the ulama came out openly against the emir and declared him unworthy to occupy the throne of the “great Tamerlane ”. After leaving the capital, the emir hoped to find support in the popular environment, but this did not happen [12] , and as a result he had no choice but to go it alone - even despite the refusal of support from those who refused at the last moment to confront The Russian Empire of Khiva , Kokand and Afghanistan - to declare Gazavat [8] .
Memory
Later, one of the central streets in the new Uzbek Tashkent in honor of the victory of Russian troops over Bukharians in 1866 near the settlement of Irdzhar was called "Irjar". This street was a public and commercial center of pre-revolutionary Tashkent [13] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Historical battle in Central Asia
- Ир Irjar railway station
- ↑ Veselovsky N.I. The Battle of the Irjar / / Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons. (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Glushchenko, E. А. Russia in Central Asia. Conquest and transform. - M .: ZAO Publisher Tsentrpoligraf, 2010. - 575 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). ISBN 978-5-227-02167-0 , P. 126
- ↑ Abaza, K. K. The Conquest of Turkestan. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2008. - 256 p. ISBN 978-5-901679-99-9 , p. 101
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Abaza, K. K. The Conquest of Turkestan. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2008. - 256 p. ISBN 978-5-901679-99-9 , p. 102
- ↑ Glushchenko, E. А. Russia in Central Asia. Conquest and transform. - M .: ZAO Publisher Tsentrpoligraf, 2010. - 575 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). ISBN 978-5-227-02167-0 , p. 136
- ↑ 1 2 Glushchenko, E. А. Russia in Central Asia. Conquest and transform. - M .: ZAO Publisher Tsentrpoligraf, 2010. - 575 p. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). ISBN 978-5-227-02167-0 , P. 145
- ↑ Abaza, K. K. The Conquest of Turkestan. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2008. - 256 p. ISBN 978-5-901679-99-9 , p. 103
- ↑ Historical Gazette . Article " Russian flag in Central Asia ." 1899
- ↑ Irjar // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Abaza, K. K. The Conquest of Turkestan. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2008. - 256 p. ISBN 978-5-901679-99-9 , p. 116
- ↑ Irjar Street
See also
- Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire
Links
Sources
- Abaza K. K. The Conquest of Turkestan. - M .: Kuchkovo Pole, 2008. - 254 p. - ISBN 978-5-901679-99-9 .
- Veselovsky N.I. The Battle of the Irjar / / Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons. (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Glushchenko, E. A. Russia in Central Asia. Conquest and transform . - M .: Tsentrpoligraf , 2010. - 575 s. - (Russia forgotten and unknown. Golden collection). - ISBN 978-5-227-02167-0 .