The annals of Gelendzhik are the names of a settlement that existed in the territory of the modern city of Gelendzhik from ancient times, recorded in historical chronicles in different languages and belonging to different cultures.
The earliest name of Gelendzhik is considered to be Torik (Greek Τορικος), supposedly founded in the VI century BC. Greek immigrants from the north of modern Turkey [1] .
Subsequently, the settlement was called Pagra . The name (translated - “at the source of the river”) was assigned to Torik in 63 BC. Rome , after the entry of the ancient Greek colony into the empire.
To the region of modern Gelendzhik, the annalistic settlement of Torik / Pagra was attached by Soviet archaeologists recently - in 1971 , based on descriptions in ancient sources [2] .
Later, in the VI century AD, the Byzantine harbor of Eptala ( epta-la - “seven lagoons”) was located in the area of modern Gelendzhikk [3] .
Between the 13th and 15th centuries, the settlement is known as the Genoese fortress of Mavrolako (which means “Black Lagoon” or “Black Bay”) [4] .
The settlement got its modern name at the end of the 15th century , when it became part of the Ottoman Empire , which arose on the site of Byzantium . The former Eptala becomes one of the main places for the export of young slaves to Turkish harems. The new name - “Gelendzhik” - means “white bride” in Turkish [5] [3] .
According to another version, the toponym originates from the Adyghe (Natukhai) name of the locality - Khulyyzhiy, which means “Little pasture” ( huly (hyule) - “pasture” or “meadow”, Zhiy - “small”).
Notes
- ↑ M.F. Vysotsky. Eastern Black Sea region and the Caucasus (Russian) .
- ↑ History of the Black Sea coast . Date of appeal September 25, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 V.A. Valiev. Anapa in names and titles (Russian) .
- ↑ Gelendzhik . www.polyarka.ru. Date of appeal September 25, 2015.
- ↑ "Cote d'Azur of the Caucasus" | Gelendzhik . www.kmvline.ru. Date of appeal September 25, 2015.