Tagoy is a language belonging to the Rashad (Tegali-Tagoy) group of the Kordofan language family . Distributed in the village of Rashad in Southern Kordofan ( Sudan ). It is divided into four dialects: goy, umali, moreb and orig.
| Tagoy | |
|---|---|
| Self name | ŋɔ̹́ɡɔ̹́lɛ̹́ |
| Countries | Congo |
| Regions | Southern Kordofan |
| Total number of speakers | 13 thousand people |
| Status | on the verge of extinction / disappearing / |
| Classification | |
| Category | African languages |
Nigerian Congolese Macrofamily
| |
| Writing | unwritten |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | |
| Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| Ethnologue | |
| ELCat | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
Content
- 1 Genealogical and areal characteristic
- 2 Sociolinguistic information
- 3 Typological information
- 3.1 Type of grammar expression
- 3.2 Type of morphological structure
- 3.3 Type of marking
- 3.3.1 In the noun phrase
- 3.3.2 in prediction
- 3.4 Word order in a sentence
- 4 Phonetics and phonology
- 4.1 Consonantism
- 4.2 Vocalism
- 4.3 Tones
- 5 Morphology
- 5.1 Nouns
- 6 notes
Family and Areal Characteristics
The language belongs to the Rashad group of the Kordofan family of the Niger-Congolese macro-family. The closest related language is tegali. The main difference between these two languages is the presence / absence of concordance classes - in the Tagoy language there are 10 concordance classes, while in the tagal they are completely absent. In the Tagoy language, there are four dialects: goy, moreb, umali and orig, of which the last two are most thoroughly studied.
Sociolinguistic Information
These people live on the eastern outskirts of Kordofan. According to 1984, the number of native speakers ranges from 13 to 35 thousand people, but every year the number of speakers in the taga language is rapidly declining. According to Ethnologue, the status of the language is 6b (endangered) [1] . The language is spellingless.
Typological Information
Grammar Type Expression Type
From the point of view of the degree of freedom of expression of the grammatical meanings, taga can be attributed to synthetic languages with developed prefixation (both nominal and verbal).
(1) t-ìɲèn
SG tooth
tooth
(2) ŋ-ìɲèn
Pl tooth
teeth
Type of morphological structure
Marking Type
In the noun group
In case-based designs, marking is dependent:
yìrmóó y-álxàrtúúm
people of gen Khartoum
Khartoum residents
In Prediction
In clauses, zero marking is used, that is, formal verbal grammatical indicators are absent both in the verb and in its actants.
yíɲ yìttá ɛ́ttà
coal alone carry
Bring the coal!
Word order in a sentence
The basic word order in a SOV clause.
nìgᶕ́n ŋóóríg nᴐ̀ŋᴐ́nyò
we are origi 1PL-speak
We speak origami.
Phonetics and Phonology
Consonantism
| Labial | Front lingual | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noisy | Hooked | p | t | c | k |
| Fricatives | f | s | |||
| Sleepy | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ |
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Trembling | r | ||||
| Glides | y | w |
Vocalism
| Front row | Middle row | Back row | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Top lift | i | u | |
| Upper Mid Rise | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Medium rise | e | o | |
| Mid-low rise | ɛ | ә | ɔ |
| Lower rise | a |
Also in rare cases, vowels ɪ̈ , æ , ə̹ , ə̜
All vowels are divided into stressed ( i, e, æ, o, u ) and unstressed ( ɪ, ɛ, a, ɔ, ʊ ).
There are three degrees of consonant longitude: short, medium, and long (denoted as a̯ , a, and aa, respectively). A word cannot have more than one long vowel. Syllables of the form CV̯ (C) and CVV (C) are also impossible.
Tones
There are two main tones in the tagoi language: high (H) and low (L). In rare cases, a downward tone occurs, usually at the end of a word.
wàm - snake (L)
wús - monkey (H)
máŋgâ - nubian (HL)
Morphology
Nouns
Most Tagoyan nouns consist of a stem and a prefix denoting a number.
y.òmé / ŋ.òmé - bee / bees
k.ús / s.ús - bone / bones
Some nouns contain a zero prefix, either only in the singular or in the singular and in the plural. In the latter case, the plural is marked with a suffix.
m̀bə́t / yì.mbə́t - goat / goats
ɔ́dɔ́ / ɔ́dɔ́.t - mother-in-law / mother-in-law
Notes
- ↑ Tagoi . Ethnologue. Date of treatment November 21, 2015.