Hubert, Vladislav Osipovich

Born in a petty bourgeois family, information about which was not found. After graduating from high school, he ended up in Kazan , where in 1887 he graduated from the medical faculty of Imperial Kazan University . He was released by a doctor with admission by the Land Doctor in the Kazan province . Since 1889, he simultaneously taught at the Kazan Paramedic School ^[3] and headed the Provincial Opportunity Institute. In these years, V.O. Hubert distinguished himself in the fight against epidemics of typhoid, cholera and smallpox. Vladislav Osipovich outlined the results of his activities in the field of this struggle in his first printed works.

In 1893, V.O. Hubert moved to St. Petersburg, where he received the post of temporary medical doctor and began private practice. The very next year, he was first admitted to the supernumerary, and since 1896 a full-time doctor of the thoracic department of the St. Petersburg Educational Home, where he collaborated with such famous pediatricians as A. D. Zotov , N. K. Vyazhlinsky . At the same time, first under the guidance of Professor N. I. Bystrov , then Professor N. P. Gundobin, he began work on the dissertation “The clinical course of the vaccine process and its major evasions in humans,” which he successfully defended at the Military Medical Academy in 1898 year .

In the same year, V.O. Hubert became interested in the issues of feeding infants. This interest led him to the School of Kitchen Arts of the Russian Society for the Protection of Public Health (UNHCR), where he soon found himself on the board and took the post of secretary. Almost at the same time, together with other pediatricians of the Orphanage, including his chief physician M.D. Van Pureren , Vladislav Osipovich entered the staff of the Hospital for Chronic Sick Children of the Charity Society for the Care of Poor and Sick Children, located in house No. 75 on Bolshoy pr. V O. In 1900, V. O. Hubert was elected privat-docent at the Department of Children's Diseases at the Military Medical Academy, and in 1901 he headed the Hygiene Museum of the UNHCH in Dmitrievsky per. , d. No. 15.

In 1898, Hubert V.O. took an active part in the work of the First All-Russian Congress of Figures on Climatology, Hydrology and Balneology, which was held in St. Petersburg from December 11 to 16. He was elected Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Congress. Based on the results of the Congress in 1899, the Proceedings of the Highest Approved First All-Russian Congress of Figures in Climatology, Hydrology and Balneology were published in two volumes (Volume 1 - 850 pp., Volume 2 - 706) p.) In total, the works contain 122 full-text reports. Hubert V.O. the main merit belongs to the editing of the proceedings of the congress and their publication. Hubert V.O. belongs to the work "The History of the Present Congress and Preparatory Activities" published in the Proceedings of the Highest Approved First All-Russian Congress of Figures on Climatology, Hydrology and Balneology. - SPb., 1900.-T.1.-C.XLVI-LIII.

The year 1903 was marked for V.O. Hubert by the appointment of a senior doctor of the Educational Home. Then he headed the City Smallpox Institute, created two years earlier by Dr. B. A. Oaks. ^[4] The experience of Oks was not entirely successful. The Institute was located at 30, Bolshaya Morskaya, and it was not possible to organize work at the proper level. Under these conditions, they turned to V.O. Hubert, who already had experience organizing such an institute in Kazan. With his arrival, the institute moved to a more spacious building, first on Voznesensky Prospekt in house number 40, and then in Demidov per. , d. No. 5/29. At the same time, Vladislav Osipovich obtained permission to organize at the institute the first in the capital City Shelter for feeding underbelly. It was here, in the laboratory of the institute, that for the first time in Russia it was possible to establish the industrial production of live cow anti-pox vaccine. Prior to this, vaccinations were carried out according to the Jenner method of maintaining under the skin material taken directly from a sick cow. For this purpose, for example, sick animals were brought directly to the Educational Home directly from the countryside.

In 1908, the head physician of the St. Petersburg Orphanage M.D. Van Puteren died. It was V.O. Hubert who became the worthy successor of the renowned pediatrician. By this time, he still ran the City Nursing Shelter and the Opportunity Institute, where he was elected professor; as a privat-docent of the department of childhood diseases, he taught at the Military Medical Academy, first under the guidance of Professor N. P. Gundobin , and since 1908, Professor A. N. Shkarin ; was a member of the city medical-sanitary commission; He was the chairman of the Russian Society for the Protection of Public Health, where he simultaneously led its 4th department and acted as editor-in-chief of the eponymous magazine ^[5] . At the end of 1909, V. O. Hubert was among the main inspirers and organizers of the First All-Russian Congress to Combat Drunkenness ^[6] .

The rapidly developing career of one of the most successful pediatricians of the capital suddenly broke off at the turn of 1912-1913. Published in 2006, a rather detailed official biography of Vladislav Osipovich ends with a short phrase that contains almost a thirty-year period of his life:

"In 1913, V.O. Hubert became seriously ill ... In the winter of 1941-1942, he died of starvation in the besieged Leningrad."

- ^[7]

In fact, something else happened. Almost simultaneously, V.O. Hubert was removed from all posts, and only Professor A.N. Shkarin in his department retained the post of privat-docent, and only then until 1915 . V.P. Kravkov opens the veil, who, having met V.O. Hubert as part of the sanitary unit of the Southwestern Front, in his military diary for 1915 cites rumors of possible violations on his part as chairman of the St. Petersburg sanitary commission ^{[8 ]} . Somewhat disapproving, although for a different reason and without clear evidence, the famous Soviet hygienist Z. G. Frenkel ^[9] spoke about V.O. Hubert in his memoirs, which was characterized by very strict assessments of some of his colleagues.

One way or another, but in 1913 V.O. Hubert was completely healthy, in 1915 he ended up in the army on the fields of the First World War , after which he lived another quarter century. The future academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N.F. Gamaleya turned out to be his successor as director of the Ospoprivival Institute, and the popular St. Petersburg pediatrician E.E. Gartier headed the orphanage.

After the October Revolution , V.O. Hubert was not mentioned in medical lists, and his colleagues quickly forgot him. It turned out that all these years he continued to live in Leningrad, and, at the old address, he was only contemplating the successes of Soviet health care, including in that area, the development of which he devoted so much effort to.

Quite unexpectedly, the name of Vladislav Osipovich was discovered on the staff of the Institute of Cinema Engineers , which was opened in Petrograd in 1918 . It turned out that until his death, V. O. Hubert taught mathematics and statistics at the Faculty of Sound Cinema ^[10] . There is reason to believe that he performed the duties of a doctor at the institute, but now that was all that connected him with medicine during the last two decades of his life.

Vladislav Osipovich Hubert died of hunger and exhaustion at the age of 78, in December 1941 , not having survived the most difficult first siege of winter, and was buried in a mass grave at the Serafimovsky cemetery ^[11] .

It was not possible to find any information about the family of V.O. Hubert. There is no certainty that he was ever married.

Arriving for the first time in St. Petersburg, V.O. Hubert settled in a small apartment in No. 3 in Laundry Lane. from where a year later he moved to. No. 3 but already on Pushkinskaya St. From 1895 to 1901 Vladislav Osipovich rented an apartment in No. 88 on Nevsky Prospekt . In 1906, he settled in a spacious apartment in No. 15 on Malaya Dvoryanskaya Street, but in 1913, after a dramatic resignation, he was forced to rent a more modest housing on Bolshaya Monetnaya Street. , in the house No. 22. Here he lived until his death, although in 1923 the street was renamed into st. Skorokhodova.

• Jenner E.O. On the origin (beginning) of vaccination. / Per. from English V. Hubert. - Kazan, 1888 .
• Hubert V. O. Smallpox and vaccination in the Kazan province. - Kazan: type. provincial government, 1891 .
• Hubert V.O. Chicken pox = (Varicella). Her vaccination and attitude to cow (vaccine) and nat., Human. smallpox / Cheat. at a meeting of the Island of Doctors at Imp. Kazan. un-feb 26 1892 ed. view again. author / Op. IN. Hubert, the head. Lip. osporivativnym institute. - Kazan: type. Imp. University, 1892 . - 46 p.
• Hubert V. O. Cholera epidemic and measures to combat it in the Kazan province. / Systematic set of events in 1885-1892. - Kazan: type. provincial government, 1892 . - 124 p.
• Hubert V. O. Smallpox and smallpox vaccination (Figures based on the original by E. Jenner were executed at the Expedition for the procurement of state papers) / Op. IN. Hubert. - Yubil. ed. Part 1. - St. Petersburg, 1896 . - 27 p. - (Rus. Society for the protection of people's health, sost. Under the honorary chairmanship of E. and. High. Grand Duke Prince Aleksandrovich).
• Hubert V.O. On honoring in Russia on May 2/14, 1896, the centennial of the discovery by E. Jenner of vaccination (preventative vaccination of vaccinia). / Dokl., Cheat. in 1 section Rus. islands of protection of Nar. Health Feb 14 1895 by Dr. V.O. Hubert. - St. Petersburg: type. P.P. Soikina, 1896 . - 24 p.
• Hubert V.O. Smallpox and vaccination. Volume 1. / Historical essay until the XIX century. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of P. P. Soikin, 1896 . - 533 s.
• Hubert V. O. Historical outline of the activities of the Imperial St. Petersburg educational house in the distribution of vaccination in Russia / Comp. on behalf of the administration of Imp. St. Petersburg bring up. at home commemorating the "centenary of the discovery of vaccination by E. Jenner." - St. Petersburg: Printing house of P.P. Soikin, 1897 . - 69 p.
• Hubert V. O. The clinical course of the vaccine process and its major evasions in humans. / Dis. on the step. Dr. med. - St. Petersburg, 1898 . - 108 p.
• Hubert V. O. The history of the emergence of this Congress and preparatory activities / Proceedings of the Highest Approved First All-Russian Congress of Figures on Climatology, Hydrology and Balneology. - St. Petersburg, 1900 . - T. 1. - S. XLVI-LIII.
• Hubert V. O. Drop of milk (Goutte de lait), as a charitable and hygienic organization and participation in it of city pharmacies / V.O. Hubert, Priv. Imp. Military Medical Acad., Head St. Petersburg mountains a shelter for prematurely born children. - St. Petersburg: type. P.P. Soykina, 1904 . - 13 p.
• Hubert V. O. XXV Years of Scientific and Practical Activities of the Highest Approved Russian Society for the Protection of Public Health: Krat. East. essay / Comp. IN. Hubert, sec. O-va - St. Petersburg: type. P.P. Soykina, 1904 . - 143 p.
• Hubert V. O. On the improvement of life in the health and food sector of construction workers / Soch. Priv.-Assoc. IN. Hubert, before. IV Sep. Islands of protection of Nar. health. - St. Petersburg: type. P.P. Soykina, 1905 . - 10 s. - (Rus. About-the protection of people's health.).
• Hubert V. O. Methodical artificial feeding of infants, especially underbodies, with goat and cow milk in the institutions "Milk Drops". - St. Petersburg, 1905 . - 475 p. - (Rus. About-the protection of people's health.).
• Hubert V. O. Activities of the Society for the Protection of Public Health in Combating Housing Need in St. Petersburg. / Dokl. read in connection meeting of all Dep. O.O.N.Z. Jan 26 1909 / Composition Pri.-Assoc. IN. Hubert and Dr. honey. G.I. Dembo. - St. Petersburg: type. P.P. Soykina, 1910 . - 31 p. - (Rus. About-the protection of people's health.).
• Hubert V. O. The current state of the issue of child mortality in Russia and the fight against it. - St. Petersburg, 1911 . - 22 p. - (Rus. About-the protection of people's health.).
• Hubert V. O. About the nurse in St. Petersburg educational house. - St. Petersburg, 1912 . - 109 p. - (Rus. About-the protection of people's health.).
• Hubert V. O. Smallpox and mandatory vaccination in Finland compared with Russia and abroad. - St. Petersburg: type. P.P. Soykina, 1915 .

Reports at meetings of the Society of Pediatric Doctors

^[12]

The contribution of V.O. Hubert to domestic pediatrics has not been fully appreciated. The biography of Vladislav Osipovich, published in the 4th issue of 2006 of the journal History of Petersburg, contains facts from which not everything can be attributed to his account.

So, V.O. Hubert really did a lot to develop the principles of artificial feeding of infants, although the very feeding of goat and cow milk of young children was widely and successfully used in the Orphanage in the first half of the 19th century, when F. F. Depp and A.N. Nikitina .

Together with professors N. P. Gundobin, A. N. Shkarin, Dr. M. D. Van Puteren and many other doctors in the framework of the Union for Combating Child Mortality in Russia ^[13] and the Drop of Milk Society V. O. Hubert, of course, was involved in justifying the very need to open points of delivery of baby food “A drop of milk”, but did not organize them, especially at his own expense. A public servant who does not have other sources of income than private practice would simply never have had these funds. In Russia, the first point “A drop of milk” was organized in 1901 in Odessa by the famous pediatrician A. O. Gershezon , and in St. Petersburg in 1907 by E. P. Chekanskaya ^[14] on 9th Rozhdestvenskaya Street. d. 15.

V.O. Hubert is not involved in the creation of a “nursery” system at the Orphanage. At the initiative of the Empress Maria Fyodorovna, under the name “Village Expedition”, she functioned in the Orphanage since 1817 and was headed by Dr. A. N. Nikitin in those years.

Perhaps the main merit of V. O. Hubert was the organization of the Ospoprivival Institute, which, together with the Institute of Experimental Medicine , where vaccines against rabies and plague were developed in the same years, became the forerunner of the Leningrad Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums ^[15] , as well as the City Shelter for feeding noobs. Designed for 30 beds, this shelter turned out to be the first domestic specialized medical institution that was engaged in the development of scientifically based methods for nursing premature babies. Only four years later, Dr. A. L. Vladykin opened the first in Russia department for newborns at the Imperial Clinical Midwifery and Gynecology Institute . The association of the shelter with the Opportunity Institute allowed V.O. Hubert to justify the need and possibility of vaccination against smallpox in the first year of a child's life, which was crucial in the fight against this dangerous infection.

St. Petersburg branch of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia

• Sherich D. How Petersburg opposed the seven worst cholera epidemics
• Petrov Yu. N. V. O. Hubert - Forgotten Health Worker of Pre-Revolutionary Petersburg / History of Petersburg Journal - 2006, No. 4
• Krylov-Tolstikovich Russian doctors of the XVIII - early XX centuries.
• Kopytov G. A. Russian Germans at the Cradle of Pediatrics in Imperial Russia / Germans in St. Petersburg: A Biographical Aspect. XVIII– XX centuries Vol. 11 / Res. ed. T.A. Schrader. - St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2018 .-- C 228 - 244.