Peking (breed of ducks)

Peking Duck in Israel ]

The Beijing breed of ducks ( Chinese 北京鸭 , English Pekin duck ) refers to the breeds of meat direction of productivity. Created in China , it is one of the most common breeds of ducks , has white plumage ^[1] ^[2] .

Content

1 Origin and distribution
2 Exterior and productive features
3 Genetics
4 See also
5 notes

Origin and distribution

The Beijing breed of domestic ducks was bred more than 300 years ago in China, in 1873 it was brought to Europe . Currently, it is widely distributed in the world and, being highly productive and one of the best meat breeds, has crowded out many other breeds ^[3] .

Peking ducks were used to create some other breeds. In Soviet times, Peking and crosses of this breed accounted for more than 90% of the stock of pedigree ducks on collective farms and state farms ^[1] . In modern Russia, the main poultry stock in large hedge holdings is still owned by the Peking breed ^[3] ^[4] .

Exterior and productive features

The plumage is white. The mass of males is 3.6-4.2 kg, of females 3.4-3.9 kg. 100-140 eggs are laid per year ^[3] .

Genetics

Classical genetics

In works on classical private duck genetics, using a hybridological analysis , the genetic structure of Peking ducks was determined by the plumage coloring loci . In particular, it was found that the white plumage of this breed is due to the presence of an autosomal recessive gene of white color c in a homozygous state ^[5] ^[6] .

Genomics

In 2013, the complete genomic sequence of domestic duck was sequenced using DNA from a Beijing breed ^[7] . Due to the good quality of assembly of the genome of the domestic (Peking) duck, carried out at the chromosomal level, the species is important in comparative genomics for elucidating the evolution of avian genomes ^[8] ^[9] .

Notes

↑ ¹ ² Peking (breed of ducks) - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . (Retrieved September 16, 2015) Archived copy (unspecified) . Date of treatment September 16, 2015. Archived September 16, 2015.
↑ Domestic ducks // Agricultural Dictionary-Directory / Chap. ed. A.I. Geister . - M. - L .: Selkhozgiz , 1934. (Retrieved September 16, 2015) Archived copy (neopr.) . Date of treatment September 16, 2015. Archived September 16, 2015.
↑ ¹ ² ³ Peking ducks (neopr.) . Russian Rural Information Network: Virtual Library for Agriculture: Breeds of farm animals: Poultry: Breeds of ducks . Regional Public Fund “Agricultural Development Research” (FIAR). Date of treatment March 4, 2015. Archived March 4, 2015.
↑ Ducks (neopr.) . Electronic agricultural encyclopedia of knowledge: Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books (search): Livestock: Breeds of farm animals . Moscow : Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Central Scientific Agricultural Library" (FSBNU TsNSSHB). Date of treatment March 5, 2015. Archived March 5, 2015.
↑ Ashton JM, Ashton CA Color Breeding in Domestic Ducks . - UK: M + C Ashton. - 48 p. - ISBN 0955564204 . (English) (Retrieved March 5, 2015)
↑ Bondarenko Yu.V., Romanov M.N., Veremeenko R.P. , Mikhaylik L.D. Genetics of fluff coloring and plumage of Ukrainian duck populations // Poultry: Int. topics scientific Sat .. - K .: VASKHNIL , South Ossetia, Ukr. Research Institute of Poultry; Harvest, 1988. - Vol. 41 . - S. 22-27 . - ISSN 0370-212X . Archived on March 5, 2015. (Retrieved March 5, 2015)
↑ Assembly: GCA_000355885.1: Anas platyrhynchos Genome sequencing . European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) . EMBL - EBI (11 June 2013). Date of treatment March 6, 2015. Archived March 6, 2015.
↑ Zhang G., Li C., Li Q., Li B., Larkin DM, Lee C., Storz JF, Antunes A., Greenwold MJ, Meredith RW, Ödeen A., Cui J., Zhou Q., Xu L., Pan H., Wang Z., Jin L., Zhang P., Hu H., Yang W., Hu J., Xiao J., Yang Z., Liu Y., Xie Q., Yu H. , Lian J., Wen P., Zhang F., Li H., Zeng Y., Xiong Z., Liu S., Zhou L., Huang Z., An N., Wang J., Zheng Q., Xiong Y., Wang G., Wang B., Wang J., Fan Y., da Fonseca RR, Alfaro-Núñez A., Schubert M., Orlando L., Mourier T., Howard JT, Ganapathy G., Pfenning A ., Whitney O., Rivas MV, Hara E., Smith J., Farré M., Narayan J., Slavov G., Romanov MN, Borges R., Machado JP, Khan I., Springer MS, Gatesy J., Hoffmann FG, Opazo JC, Håstad O., Sawyer RH, Kim H., Kim KW, Kim HJ, Cho S., Li N., Huang Y., Bruford MW, Zhan X., Dixon A., Bertelsen MF, Derryberry E., Warren W., Wilson RK, Li S., Ray DA, Green RE, O'Brien SJ, Griffin D., Johnson WE, Haussler D., Ryder OA, Willerslev E., Graves GR, Alström P., Fjeldså J., Mindell DP, Edwards SV, Braun EL, Rahbek C., Bu rt DW, Houde P., Zhang Y., Yang H., Wang J., Avian Genome Consortium, Jarvis ED, Gilbert MT, Wang J. Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation (Eng.) // Science : Journal. - Washington, DC , USA: American Association for the Advancement of Science , 2014. - Vol. 346, no. 6215 . - P. 1311-1320. - ISSN 0036-8075 . - DOI : 10.1126 / science.1251385 . - PMID 25504712 . Archived February 16, 2015. (Retrieved February 16, 2015)
↑ Romanov MN, Farré M., Lithgow PE, Fowler KE, Skinner BM, O'Connor R., Fonseka G., Backström N., Matsuda Y., Nishida C., Houde P., Jarvis ED, Ellegren H., Burt DW, Larkin DM, Griffin DK Reconstruction of gross avian genome structure, organization and evolution suggests that the chicken lineage most closely resembles the dinosaur avian ancestor (Eng.) // BMC Genomics : Journal. - London, UK: BioMed Central Ltd , Current Science Group, 2014 .-- Vol. 15. - P. 1060. - ISSN 1471-2164 . - DOI : 10.1186 / 1471-2164-15-1060 . - PMID 25496766 . Archived on March 6, 2015. (Retrieved March 6, 2015)

[БСЭ-1] ¹ ² Peking (breed of ducks) - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . (Retrieved September 16, 2015) Archived copy (unspecified) . Date of treatment September 16, 2015. Archived September 16, 2015.

[2] Domestic ducks // Agricultural Dictionary-Directory / Chap. ed. A.I. Geister . - M. - L .: Selkhozgiz , 1934. (Retrieved September 16, 2015) Archived copy (neopr.) . Date of treatment September 16, 2015. Archived September 16, 2015.

[fadr-3] ¹ ² ³ Peking ducks (neopr.) . Russian Rural Information Network: Virtual Library for Agriculture: Breeds of farm animals: Poultry: Breeds of ducks . Regional Public Fund “Agricultural Development Research” (FIAR). Date of treatment March 4, 2015. Archived March 4, 2015.

[4] Ducks (neopr.) . Electronic agricultural encyclopedia of knowledge: Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books (search): Livestock: Breeds of farm animals . Moscow : Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Central Scientific Agricultural Library" (FSBNU TsNSSHB). Date of treatment March 5, 2015. Archived March 5, 2015.

[5] Ashton JM, Ashton CA Color Breeding in Domestic Ducks . - UK: M + C Ashton. - 48 p. - ISBN 0955564204 . (English) (Retrieved March 5, 2015)

[6] Bondarenko Yu.V., Romanov M.N., Veremeenko R.P. , Mikhaylik L.D. Genetics of fluff coloring and plumage of Ukrainian duck populations // Poultry: Int. topics scientific Sat .. - K .: VASKHNIL , South Ossetia, Ukr. Research Institute of Poultry; Harvest, 1988. - Vol. 41 . - S. 22-27 . - ISSN 0370-212X . Archived on March 5, 2015. (Retrieved March 5, 2015)

[7] Assembly: GCA_000355885.1: Anas platyrhynchos Genome sequencing . European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) . EMBL - EBI (11 June 2013). Date of treatment March 6, 2015. Archived March 6, 2015.

[8] Zhang G., Li C., Li Q., Li B., Larkin DM, Lee C., Storz JF, Antunes A., Greenwold MJ, Meredith RW, Ödeen A., Cui J., Zhou Q., Xu L., Pan H., Wang Z., Jin L., Zhang P., Hu H., Yang W., Hu J., Xiao J., Yang Z., Liu Y., Xie Q., Yu H. , Lian J., Wen P., Zhang F., Li H., Zeng Y., Xiong Z., Liu S., Zhou L., Huang Z., An N., Wang J., Zheng Q., Xiong Y., Wang G., Wang B., Wang J., Fan Y., da Fonseca RR, Alfaro-Núñez A., Schubert M., Orlando L., Mourier T., Howard JT, Ganapathy G., Pfenning A ., Whitney O., Rivas MV, Hara E., Smith J., Farré M., Narayan J., Slavov G., Romanov MN, Borges R., Machado JP, Khan I., Springer MS, Gatesy J., Hoffmann FG, Opazo JC, Håstad O., Sawyer RH, Kim H., Kim KW, Kim HJ, Cho S., Li N., Huang Y., Bruford MW, Zhan X., Dixon A., Bertelsen MF, Derryberry E., Warren W., Wilson RK, Li S., Ray DA, Green RE, O'Brien SJ, Griffin D., Johnson WE, Haussler D., Ryder OA, Willerslev E., Graves GR, Alström P., Fjeldså J., Mindell DP, Edwards SV, Braun EL, Rahbek C., Bu rt DW, Houde P., Zhang Y., Yang H., Wang J., Avian Genome Consortium, Jarvis ED, Gilbert MT, Wang J. Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation (Eng.) // Science : Journal. - Washington, DC , USA: American Association for the Advancement of Science , 2014. - Vol. 346, no. 6215 . - P. 1311-1320. - ISSN 0036-8075 . - DOI : 10.1126 / science.1251385 . - PMID 25504712 . Archived February 16, 2015. (Retrieved February 16, 2015)

[9] Romanov MN, Farré M., Lithgow PE, Fowler KE, Skinner BM, O'Connor R., Fonseka G., Backström N., Matsuda Y., Nishida C., Houde P., Jarvis ED, Ellegren H., Burt DW, Larkin DM, Griffin DK Reconstruction of gross avian genome structure, organization and evolution suggests that the chicken lineage most closely resembles the dinosaur avian ancestor (Eng.) // BMC Genomics : Journal. - London, UK: BioMed Central Ltd , Current Science Group, 2014 .-- Vol. 15. - P. 1060. - ISSN 1471-2164 . - DOI : 10.1186 / 1471-2164-15-1060 . - PMID 25496766 . Archived on March 6, 2015. (Retrieved March 6, 2015)