Gobyato, Leonid Nikolaevich

Born in Taganrog , in a house on the street. Grecheskaya , 78 in the family of the hereditary nobleman Nikolai Konstantinovich Gobyato. His brother - Nikolai Nikolayevich Gobyato, a captain of the first rank , served during the Russian-Japanese and First World Wars on the cruiser "The Thunderbolt" and commanded the destroyers Obedient , Worthy and Slender . Subsequently, he became the hero of the book of the marine writer Leonid Sobolev “Overhaul”.

He began his studies in the Taganrog classical gymnasium .

In the summer of 1887, the Gobyato family moved to the Morozovy village of Borki, Sapozhkovsky district, to the estate, which was inherited by Olga Vsevolodovna Glazenap ^[1] - the wife of Nikolai Konstantinovich.

Beginning of military career

General education received in the 3rd Moscow Cadet Corps . After graduating from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School in 1896, he was released as a second lieutenant on foot artillery with a second assignment to the Life Guards 1st Artillery Brigade . He graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy in 1902 on the 1st category.

Russo-Japanese War

During the Russian-Japanese war, he participated in the defense of Port Arthur 1904-1905.

From 1904 - captain , battery commander of the 4th East-Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade. In the battle of Jinzhou , commanding the battery, for the first time in a combat situation, he used shooting from a closed firing position using a protractor. In July 1904 he was seriously wounded in the thigh. During the period of the struggle for Port Arthur, the assistant chief of the artillery of the fortress on the technical side.

During the fighting revealed the need to use mounted fire to destroy manpower and firepower of the Japanese in closely spaced trenches , ravines, ravines. Michman S. N. Vlasyev proposed using a mine for shooting from a 47-mm mortar cannon for this purpose. L.N. Gobyato led the work on the creation of "mine mortars", invented the mine over-caliber with a stabilizer, for which the shafts of 47-mm sea guns mounted on wheel carriages or metal pipes attached to wooden decks were used as throwing apparatuses.

For merits in the defense of Port Arthur, he was awarded 5 orders (among which is the Order of St. George of the 4th degree ^[2] ) and the Golden Weapon "For Bravery" ^[3] .

Service at the Officer Artillery School

After returning from Japanese captivity in 1906, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel . In 1908 he graduated from an officer artillery school . Since September 1908, the commander of the 3rd battery of the 3rd Artillery Brigade. Then he was a teacher of the Officer Artillery School and a lecturer in artillery at the Academy of the General Staff (1908-1914). November 26, 1909 promoted to colonel ^[4] .

Persistently promoted the shooting of artillery from closed positions. Author of numerous works on artillery: "The combat principles and norms of field artillery" (St. Petersburg, 1906), "The property of fire and combat service of the artillery division" (St. Petersburg, 1911), "Artillery of field armies" (Ch. 1-2. St. Petersburg ., 1913-1916) and others.

In 1914, the commander of the battalion of the 35th artillery brigade.

Around the inventions Gobyato, as usually happens in such cases, there is a debate . So, there is a point of view that Gobyato didn’t invent over-caliber mines for firing artillery barrels - above-caliber mines for firing artillery guns, both conventional and specially modified, were known before. For example, a 75 mm bomb bombard of the cuirassier captain Platz on the base of a 75 mm gun (France, 1890) or a mountain cannon de Bange 1877 ^[5] .

World War I

In the First World War, commanded the 32nd, and then the 35th artillery brigade. August 31, 1914 promoted to major general . When defending the fortress of Przemysl , leading on its own initiative a counterattack of infantry, was mortally wounded on May 19, 1915. Awarded the rank of lieutenant general (posthumously).

He was buried in the village of Morozov-Borki ^{[6] [7] [8]} Sapozhkovsky district of Ryazan province , where the Gobyato estate was located. On the grave there is a monument in the form of a stele with a model of an over-caliber mine.

• Order of St. Anna of the 4th degree with the inscription "For courage" (1905).
  
• Order of St. Anne 3rd degree with swords and bow (1905).
  
• Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree with swords and bow. (1905)
  
• Order of St. Anne 2 nd degree with swords (1905).
  
• Order of St. George 4th degree (1907).
  
• Golden weapon "For courage" (1907).
  
• Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree (1908).
  
• Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow (1913).
  
• Order of St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree with swords (1914).
  
• Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree with swords (posthumously) (1915).
  
• swords to the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow (posthumously) (1915).

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  Leonid Nikolayevich Gobyato.

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  House on the street. Greek in the city of Taganrog , the birthplace of Gobyato

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  Mina, 1904

• E. E. Ismailov. Golden weapon with the inscription "For courage." Lists of cavaliers 1788-1913. - M., 2007.
• Ali Aga Shikhlinsky . My memories. - Baku, 1944.
• Leonid Nikolayevich Gobyato // Military Encyclopedia / P. Grachev . - M .: Military. publishing house, 1994. - T. 2. - p. 438. - ISBN 5-203-00299-1 .

• Gobyato, Leonid Nikolaevich (Neopr.) . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War."
• Gobyato, Leonid Nikolaevich // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
• Artillery - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Shikhlinsky A. A. My memories.