Gagarino - Upper Paleolithic site in the Zadonsky district of the Lipetsk region of Russia . Gagarinskaya parking is located on the northern outskirts of the village of Gagarino on the left bank of the Upper Don . It was discovered in the summer of 1924 by the peasant I.V. Antonov, who found the bones of a mammoth . It was studied by S. N. Zamyatnin in the 1920s, A. N. Rogachev and A. A. Velichko in 1955, M. N. Grishchenko and L. M. Tarasov in the 1960s.
 | Object of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance reg. No. 481540320870006 ( ЕГРОКН ) (Wikigid database) |
For the first time in the USSR, an Upper Palaeolithic residential structure with a base deepened by about 0.5 meters was studied in an open-type parking lot. Gagarinskaya parking became known thanks to the finds of graceful female statuettes carved from mammoth tusks, the so-called " Paleolithic Venus " [1] . The total number of finds is more than 11 thousand, including 506 specimens of bone and mammoth tusk with traces of processing, of which 180 units are tools, jewelry and other crafts, a huge amount of split flint [2] . The Gagarino site in its flint inventory resembles the East Grave sites of Kostenki I , Borshchevo I , Berdyzh and Pushkari I. At the Gagarino site, four main types of raw materials were used: long-distance colored flint (94.4%) from glacial deposits (moraine); long-range quartzite (4.1%) also associated with glacial formations; Cretaceous flint (less than 1%), a possible source of raw materials adjacent to the south-west of the right bank of the Don River and (or) moraine loams; cornea (less than 1%). Quartzite was mainly used for the manufacture of incisors (60% of quartzite tools) and retouched plates (13% of quartzite tools). The main features of the plate manufacturing method at the Gagarino parking lot, as well as the set of techniques used for cleaving them, were the same as the Zaraisk parking site of the Kostenkov-Avdeev culture , Khotylevo 2 A and Khotylevo 2 V , and the methods for producing blanks for micro-equipment speak of three different traditions [3] .
The age of the year-round settlement is about 22 thousand years. In addition to the Gagarino site, the Gmelin interstadial (23000-21000 years ago) in the center of the Russian Plain includes the following sites: Zarayskaya , Karacharovo , Penskaya, Chulatovo 1, Kostenki 11 layer 2, Kostenki 21 layer 3, Kostenki 5 layer 3, Kostenki 4 layers 1 and 2 , layer Kostenok 1 complexes 1-4, Kostenki 13, Kostenki 18, Kostenki layer 1 , Eliseevich 1 and Eliseevich 2, Oktyabrskoe 2 layer 1, Novgorod-Severskaya, Klyusy, Avdeevskaya complexes 1 and 2 [4] .
Literature
- Zamyatnin S. N. Excavations near the village of Gagarina, "Bulletin of the State Academy of the History of Material Culture", 1935.
- Efimenko P.P. Primitive Society, 3rd ed., K., 1953.
- Tarasov L. M. The paleolithic site of Gagarin, in the book: Materials and research on archeology of the USSR, M. - L., No. 131, 1965.
Notes
- ↑ Upper Paleolithic site in the village of Gagarino
- ↑ Monuments of archeology // From the history of archaeological research in the territory of the Lipetsk region
- ↑ Yeskova D.K. The technology of stone splitting at the sites of the eastern gravette of the Russian Plain: to the question of the technological diversity of the Upper Paleolithic industries
- ↑ Chubur A. A. Resettlement of the Upper Paleolithic man in the center of the Russian Plain (geographical aspect)