Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich ( August 11 (23), 1863 , Bely Klyuch ( Tetri Tskaro ), near Tiflis - on the night of 23 to 24 or from 29 to 30 January 1919 , Petrograd ) - the third son of the great Prince Mikhail Nikolaevich and Olga Fedorovna , grandson of Nicholas I.
| Grand Duke George Mikhailovich | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | August 23, 1863 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Tetri Tskaro | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Date of death | January 30, 1919 (55 years old) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Place of death | Peter and Paul Fortress , Petrograd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Citizenship |  Russian empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupation | , | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Maria Georgievna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | Daughters: Nina and Ksenia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Biography
Received an atypical name for the Romanovs . “The third son of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich was born in 1863 in the Caucasus, when his father was a Caucasian governor, and received the name George, symbolically significant for Georgia ( George the Victorious is considered the patron saint of Georgia). Georgy Mikhailovich called his eldest daughter Nina (1901-1974), a name that referred to the name of Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Nina, the Enlightener of Georgia [1] . ”
He served in the Life Guard of the Horse-Artillery Brigade, the Life Guard of the Ulan Regiment . Due to a sore leg, he left the service in the cavalry.
He patronized the Russian Society of Beekeeping . [2] In 1898-1917 he presided over the Russian Genealogical Society [3] .
In 1895, he was appointed the August Administrator of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III in St. Petersburg, served in this position free of charge for 22 years, having the right to make a personal report to the Emperor Nicholas II. He took part in the creation of the museum's collection of paintings and sculptures. Known as an outstanding numismatist , the author of several works on numismatics (he donated a collection of coins to the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III in 1909). Since December 5, 1898 - an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences . He was also an honorary member of the Berlin Orthodox Holy Prince-Vladimir Brotherhood .
In 1900, he married Maria Georgievna , the second daughter of his cousin Olga Konstantinovna , who married King of the Hellenes George I in Corfu .
During the First World War, he was at the headquarters of the Supreme Commander Nicholas II. Adjutant General . His main task was constant trips along the fronts followed by the compilation of reports on the general situation. In the years 1915-1916 he traveled to Japan with a special mission.
Murder
On January 9, 1919, the Presidium of the Cheka (the meeting was attended by J. Kh. Peters , M. I. Latsis , I. K. Ksenofontov and Secretary O. Y. Murnek) issued a resolution “The sentence of the Cheka to the persons of the former imperial corps - to approve, reporting this to the CEC. ” [4] [5] Georgy Mikhailovich was shot by the Bolsheviks in the Peter and Paul Fortress in Petrograd in the last decade of January 1919 as a hostage in response to the assassination of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in Germany. certain detachment was commanded by a certain Gordienko, a prison guard who at one time received valuable gifts from His Majesty’s Cabinet. Probably buried at the place of execution in a mass grave [6] .
The wife of Grand Duke Pavel Alexandrovich , Princess Olga Paley , wrote [7] :
One old prison servant who saw the execution said ... On Wednesday, Paul, one, was brought to Gorokhovaya and held until ten in the evening. Then they announced that they were taking away without things. With Gorokhovoy brought to Petropavlovka. Three other great princes were brought from Shpalernaya . All were taken together to the prison of the Trubetskoy bastion . At three nights, soldiers, named Blagovidov and Solovyov, led them naked to the waist and led them to the territory of the Mint , where a common grave was dug at the fortress wall opposite the cathedral, where thirteen corpses already lay. They put the princes on the edge and opened fire on them.
The announcement of the execution of the Grand Dukes was published on January 31, 1919 in Petrograd Pravda [7] .
Canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad in the host of the New Martyrs of Russia on November 1, 1981 [8]
Rehabilitated by the decision of the General Prosecutor of the Russian Federation on June 9, 1999.
Collection of coins of Georgy Mikhailovich
The interest of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich in numismatics was not limited only to collecting. He wrote many works on the monetary business of the Russian Empire.
The collection of the Grand Duke, in which in 1879 one of the Constantine rubles fell, was formally transferred to the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III in 1909. George Mikhailovich remained the manager of the collection. After his death, she went to the museum. In the future, the collection was to remain unchanged, that is, the condition of the Grand Duke was a ban on posthumous expropriation or replenishment of his collection of coins [9] . According to the statement of the grandson of Georgy Mikhailovich David Chavchavadze , the collection of Georgy Mikhailovich included almost all the coin types minted in the Russian Empire [10] .
However, the Russian Museum was not ready for a “gift” of such magnitude and he had to start creating a special room for storing and exhibiting the collection, and this period the collection was stored in the palace of the Grand Duke (Reports of the Russian Museum for 1909). In 1914, in connection with the outbreak of World War I, the collection was handed over by the Managing Director of the Office, Georgy Mikhailovich Ya. Y. Maykhrovsky, to the then-St. Petersburg Judicial Treasury for storage with a valuable deposit belonging to the Russian Museum, in five boxes: July 31, 1914, 4 boxes weighing in 29 pounds 5 pounds in the amount of 300,000 rubles. and on August 6, 1914, 1 box weighing 1 pound 6 pounds in the amount of 40,000 rubles. [eleven]
The overthrow of the emperor and the subsequent revolution of 1917 made significant adjustments to the fate of the collection of George Mikhailovich. The Grand Duke himself was arrested and shot in 1919. Most of the coin collection came to Yugoslavia and passed into the ownership of the wife of the executed. The presale catalog of the unique collection was released in 1939. Due to the outbreak of World War II, the auction did not take place. Some of the coins were sold in 1950 in London. The remainder of the coins went to the United States, where, having changed several owners, it was bought by S. Kaplan from Cincinnati . At Kaplan it was acquired by The American millionaire, in turn, donated coins, including the Konstantinovsky ruble of Georgy Mikhailovich, to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington [9] , where they are still located [12] .
Children
- Nina (1901-1974) married to Prince Pavel Chavchavadze, lived in America.
- Ksenia (1903-1965) got married and then divorced Mr. William Leeds Jr. from New York .
Ranks and titles
- Joined the service (08/11/1869)
- Warrant Officer (Vys. Pr. 11.08.1870);
- Second Lieutenant (Vys. Pr. 30.08.1883);
- Adjutant wing (Vys. Pr. 26.11.1883);
- Lieutenant (Vys. Pr. 24.03.1885);
- Headquarters-captain (Vys. Pr. 09.04.1889);
- Rotmister (Vys. Pr. 30.08.1894);
- Colonel (Vys. Pr. 14.05.1896);
- Major General of the Suite (Vys. Pr. 20.05.1903);
- Adjutant General (Vys. Pr. 22.07.1909);
- Lieutenant General (High. Project 22.07.1909).
Rewards
Russian:
- Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (08/30/1863);
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (08.30.1863);
- Order of St. Anne 1st Art. (08/30/1863);
- Order of the White Eagle (08/30/1863);
- Order of St. Stanislav 1st Art. (08/30/1863);
- Order of St. Vladimir 4th art. (May 6, 1888);
- Order of St. Vladimir 3rd art. (01/25/1901);
- Order of St. Vladimir , 2nd art. (December 6, 1908);
- St. George's Arms (09/15/1915).
- Badge of the Russian Red Cross Society in memory of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. (1878);
- dark bronze medal "In memory of the coronation of Emperor Alexander III" (1883);
- silver medal "In memory of the reign of Emperor Alexander III" (1896);
- silver medal "In memory of the coronation of Emperor Nicholas II" (1896);
- Badge of the Russian Red Cross Society in memory of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 (1906).
Foreign:
- Persian Order of Leo and Sun (1878);
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin Order of the Vendian Crown (1879);
- Württemberg Order of the Württemberg Crown (1880);
- Bulgarian Order of "St. Alexander" 1st Art. (1883);
- Hesse-Darmstadt Order of Ludwig 1st Art. (1884);
- Prussian Order of the Black Eagle (1884);
- Austrian Order of St. Stephen , the Great Cross (1884);
- Baden Order of the Tseringen Lion 1st Art. (1885);
- Montenegrin Order of Prince Daniel I , 1st art. (1889);
- Greek Order of the Savior 5th Art. and 1st art. (1896);
- Romanian Order of the Star of Romania 1st Art. (1898);
- Bukhara Order of the Noble Bukhara , small star (1899);
- Persian Order of Leo and Sun (1900);
- Danish Order of the Elephant (1900);
- Bukhara Order of Noble Bukhara , big star (1901);
- Oldenburg Order of Merit of the Duke Peter-Friedrich-Ludwig with a chain (1902);
- Turkish Order of Ottomanism 1st Art. (1902);
- Italian Order of the Annunciation (1902);
- British Royal Victorian Order (07/12/1912);
- Japanese Higher Order of Chrysanthemum (12/20/1915).
Bibliography
- "Russian coins of 1881 - 90 years";
- “Coins of the reign of Emperor Alexander II, Emperor Nicholas I, Emperors Paul I and Alexander I”;
- Russian coins minted for Prussia 1759 - 1762, Georgia 1804 - 1833, Poland 1815 - 1841, Finland 1864 - 1890. - Printing house A. Benke. - St. Petersburg, 1893.
- “Coins of the reign of Empress Catherine II” (2 volumes);
- “Coins of the reign of Empress Elizabeth I and Emperor Peter III” (3 volumes);
- “Coins of the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna and Emperor John III”;
- “Coins of the reign of Empress Catherine I and Emperor Peter II”;
- "Description and image of some rare coins of my collection";
- Crimean diary of the Grand Duke George Mikhailovich, 1875 [13]
Notes
- ↑ Bees E.V. Romanov dynasty: genealogy and anthroponymy // History . - 2009. - No. 06. - S. 76-83.
- ↑ The Russian Beekeeping Society, which was under the auspices of August IV of the Grand Duke George Mikhailovich (Russian) // Lit. Stadler and Pattinot S.P. B .. - Permitted by the censorship of S.P. B. October 5, 1893.
- ↑ Russian Genealogical Society
- ↑ Protocol of the meeting of the Presidium of January 9 // Archive of the Cheka: Compilation of documents / Ed. ed. V. Vinogradov, A. Litvin, V. Khristoforov; comp .: V. Vinogradov, N. Peremyshlennikova. M .: Kuchkovo field, 2007.
- ↑ Resolution on the termination of criminal case No. 18 / 123666-93 “On Clarification of the Circumstances of the Death of Members of the Russian Imperial House and Persons from Their Environs during the Period 1918-1919,” paragraphs 10-13 . Archived June 24, 2012.
- ↑ Margolis A. D. The First Island of the Gulag Archipelago (Russian) // Memorial 7th Biographical Readings “Right to a Name: Biography of the 20th Century”: collection. - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Likhanova T. Bone meal. In St. Petersburg, at the site of mass executions near the walls of the Peter and Paul Fortress, the construction of a car park (Rus.) Was started // Novaya Gazeta: newspaper. - January 18, 2010.
- ↑ List of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia
- ↑ 1 2 Spassky I.G. In the wake of one rare coin. - L .: Soviet artist, 1964. - S. 59–61. - 104 p. - 10,500 copies.
- ↑ Chavchavadze, David. The Grand Dukes. - Atlantic Intl Pubns, 1989 .-- P. 183. - ISBN 0938311115 .
- ↑ Krivoshey D. Yu. Documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation on the numismatic collection of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich. . - Theses of the XIX VNK - Veliky Novgorod April 18-21, 2017. - M. , 2017 .-- S. 260—262.
- ↑ Ruble, Russia, 1825 . official site of the . Date of treatment January 17, 2016.
- ↑ Sof'in, D.M., Sof'ina, M.V. "... Sergey and I, we were at the excavations, but didn’t find anything": Crimean diary of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich. 1875 // Bulletin of the archivist. - 2017. - No. 3. - S. 199—209
Links
- Biography on the site "Russian Imperial Army"
- Grand Duke George Mikhailovich “Corps of Russian Coins” all books in separate volumes on the information portal “[Our Planet ”] . Archived on October 16, 2012.
- APPEAL OF PRINCE NIKOLAI ROMANOVICH ROMANOV August 1, 1997 . Archived on May 18, 2012.
- Grand Duke George Mikhailovich "Corps of Russian coins" . Archived on May 18, 2012.