Shestoper - Old Russian [1] cold steel of shock-crushing action of the XIII - XVII centuries, later an honorary weapon [2] ..
Shestoper is a kind of mace , to the head of which is welded six (rarely more) metal plates - “feathers” [3] .
Shestoper appeared in the XIII century from the multi-lobed clubs . For this century in Russia, only three of their tops were found . In Europe, six- feathers and feathers have spread since the XIV century as a loan of either the Kiev or Islamic type; at least, it was the Kiev type that spread and developed among the Hungarians [4] .
The first versions of the sixth gear had a total length of about 60 centimeters and a triangular section of edges. Their weight reached 400 grams. The length of the sixth was about 70 centimeters and they usually held it with one hand by the handle, separated by a metal ring, also serving as a guard . Sometimes a hook was placed on the sixth to grab enemy weapons. Later, feathers get very diverse forms [5] .
For the first time, the shestopers are mentioned in the First Pskov Chronicle , [6] where the victory of the Russian army led by Daniel Scheni over the German knights in the Battle of Gelmed ( 1501 ) is narrated:
There was not a single person left for the news; the Moskvites and Tatars did not chop filthy sabers with light sabers, but beat them, like a boar , with six-feathers.
Like the mace, the shestoper also served as a symbol of the power of military leaders. Basically - in the countries of Eastern Europe: Poland , Hungary , Hetmanism , the Russian Kingdom . In some sources, the six- feather is also the same as the first [7] [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Ancient Russian weapons // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Shestoper // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- ↑ Shestoper // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ MEDIEVAL FLANGED MACES
- ↑ Kirpichnikov A.N. Issue 2. Spears, shulits, battle axes, maces, knives of the 9th — 13th centuries - [1]
- ↑ N. Karamzin, “History of the Russian State,” Vol. 6, Ch. 6.
- ↑ Mace // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- ↑ Mace // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 66 volumes (65 volumes and 1 additional) / Ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1926-1947.