Philippe I de Courtenay ( fr. Philippe Ier de Courtenay , 1243 , Constantinople - December 15, 1283 , Viterbo [3] ) - titular Latin emperor (emperor of Constantinople ) since 1273.
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 family
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
Biography
Coming from a noble family of Courtenay , a branch of the Capetians . Born in 1243 in Constantinople in the family of Baldwin II of Constantinople , the last emperor of the Latin Empire (1228–1261), and Maria de Brienne , daughter of Jean de Brienne , King of Jerusalem (1210–1212) and Regent Emperor of the Latin Empire (1229–1237) .
Philip’s childhood was during the years of the acute crisis of the Latin crusader empire , which became heavily dependent on the Venetian Republic . His father, who had financial difficulties and was afraid of the onset of Muslims and Mongols , was forced to wander around the yards of European monarchs in search of military and financial help, laying, in the end, a son and heir to the Venetian merchants, and only in 1259 was Philippe bought by the French king Louis IX [4 ] . In July 1261, the Byzantine Empire was restored by the Nicene Emperor Michael VIII Paleologist , with the help of military cunning, a sudden blow expelled the crusaders from its capital.
Baldwin II managed to escape with his family in the Venetian gallery , first to the island of Euboea , and then, after a short stay in Thebes and Athens [5] , to Italy [6] , after which for the rest of his life he tried in vain to find allies and to assemble an army for the conquest of their possessions. After the death of the influential King of Sicily, Manfred Hohenstaufen , in 1266 , Balduin succeeded in concluding a treaty in Viterbo with the mediation of Pope Clement IV in May 1267 with Charles I of Anjou who promised him to organize a military expedition to Constantinople for 6 years, in which 2,000 knights alone were going to take part. In exchange for this, Balduin gave Karl flax Achaea , Epirus and almost all the islands of the Aegean Sea [7] .
The union was sealed by the engagement of Philip and Karl's daughter, but soon after his son’s wedding in 1273, Baldwin died, and he inherited his claim to Constantinople. However, the promise of Karl of Anjou was never fulfilled. Philip, in exile living mainly in Naples [8] , nominally bore the title of emperor of the Latin Empire until 1283 and owned the lands of the crusaders in Greece, although there his authority disputed his own father-in-law. In 1281, Karl, together with Philip, concluded a treaty with Venice through the Roman Curia on the organization of a new campaign against Constantinople, which also turned out to be unrealized due to Sicilian Vespers , supported by Pedro III of Aragon [9] .
He died in Viterbo on December 15, 1283 .
Family
In accordance with the agreement in Viterbo , he was engaged to Beatrice of Sicily , daughter of Karl of Anjou and Beatrice of Provence . The marriage was concluded on October 15, 1273 in Foggia , but a year later with a small 23-year-old wife died, leaving her daughter Catherine (November 25, 1274 - October 11, 1307) [10] . The latter in 1301 married Carl, Count of Valois , nominally transferring to her husband the title of King of the Latin Empire [11] .
See also
- Crusades
- Fourth Crusade
- Latin empire
- Nicene Empire
- The capture of Constantinople (1261)
- Paleologists
- Catherine, titular Empress of the Latin Empire
Notes
- ↑ Pas L. v. Genealogics - 2003. - ed. size: 683713
- ↑ The Peerage - 717826 copies.
- ↑ Donald M. Nicol. Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. - Cambridge University Press, 1988. - p. 211.
- ↑ Latin Empire // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 vol. - T. XVII. - SPb., 1896 .-- S. 376.
- ↑ Vasiliev A.A. History of the Byzantine Empire. From the beginning of the Crusades to the fall of Constantinople. - St. Petersburg: Aletheya, 1998 .-- S. 211.
- ↑ Assumption F.I. History of the Byzantine Empire. - T. 3. XI — XV centuries. - Division VIII. Laskari and Paleologists. - M .: Thought, 1997 .-- S. 492.
- ↑ Ibid. - S. 503-504.
- ↑ Felip de Courtenay // Gran Enciclopédia Catalana.
- ↑ Assumption F.I. Decree. Op. - S. 522-523.
- ↑ Filippo di Courtenay imperatore titolare di Costantinopoli // Treccani. Enciclopedia on line.
- ↑ Oswald Barron. Courtenay // Encyclopædia Britannica. - Volume 7. - Cambridge University Press, 1911. - p. 325.
Literature
- Vasiliev A.A. Latin rule in the East. Age of the Nicene and Latin Empires (1204-1261). - PG .: ACADEMIA, 1923 .-- 76 p. - (History of Byzantium. Issue 2).
- Jacobi David. The Latin Empire of Constantinople and the Frankish States in Greece // The New Cambridge Medieval History. - Volume V. - Cambridge University Press, 1999 .-- pp. 525-542. - ISBN 0-521-36289-X .
- Miller William The Latins in the Levant, a History of Frankish Greece (1204-1566) - New York: EP Dutton and Company, 1908. - 675 p.
- Nicol Donald MacGillivray. The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453 . - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 .-- ISBN 0-521-43991-4 .