Mansude (TV channel)

• Mansude TV Channel began broadcasting on December 1, 1973. Its main difference from Korean central television is that it features foreign films and broadcasts that have undergone preliminary censorship and dubbing into Korean . The broadcasting channel of the Mansude channel includes foreign information and entertainment programs, as well as feature films and animated films. Foreign content is represented mainly by Chinese-made media products. ^{[3] [4]}
• For political reasons, the channel’s broadcasting area was restricted to Pyongyang and its environs ^[3] . From the moment the TV channel was launched until 2014, broadcasting was carried out on 5 TCEs from the Pyongyang TV Tower ^[5] . In 2014, there were reports according to which the frequency plan of the channels in Pyongyang was changed, and Mansude shared one frequency (12 TCEs) with the Rönnamsan TV channel, on which broadcasting continued until July 13, 2015. The TV channel was also broadcast via an analog transmitter in the “TV” application of the Samjiyon tablet ".
• In July 2015, Mansude TV channel stopped broadcasting. ^{[6] [7]} The exact reasons for closing the channel’s broadcasting are unknown, but Newstopia considered two versions in the South Korean online publication: according to the first, this step could be taken by the DPRK authorities to limit the access of Pyongyang residents to foreign content broadcast on the channel, according to the second, reported by the Free Asia radio station, an incident occurred on the editorial board with unfiltered content shown on the channel ^{[8] [9]} . It was also reported that the broadcasting of the new “Sports Television”, launched on August 15 of the same year, was carried out on a frequency previously owned by Mansude TV channel. ^[10] As a result of internal audits by the DPRK Government, the television channel was rehabilitated only in 2016 (according to other sources, in November 2015). The report of the South Korean agency Ronhap dated May 18, 2016 reported that it was proposed to access the TV channel through cable networks ^[11] .
• In August 2016, the TV channel was included for distribution via IPTV " Manban " on the 2nd button of the "Broadcasting" section. Also, from 2019, the air can be watched through a special application in the Pyongyang 3404 tablet computer ^[12] .

In March 2018, the online publication Daily NK announced plans for the DPRK government to expand the broadcast area of ​​Mansude TV channel to the rest of the country by connecting by paid subscription ^[13] ; As the main reason, the publication cited the high popularity of programs and films shown on the television channel among the DPRK population. At the same time, the probable type of expansion of the broadcasting zone has not yet been established — via cable TV or through Manban . The subscription price is set at 650 Chinese yuan.

• Television in the DPRK