Annexation of central america by mexico

Central America was administratively singled out as the captaincy general of Guatemala within the vice-Duchy of New Spain (Mexico) in 1609.

In 1821, the War of Independence of Mexico entered the final phase. On February 24, 1821, Agustin de Iturbide proclaimed the Plan of Iguala . On August 24, 1821, the representatives of the Spanish crown and Iturbide signed the Treaty of Córdoba , which recognized Mexico’s independence in accordance with the provisions of the Iguala Plan.

In this situation, the provincial deputation of the province of Guatemala, on September 15, 1821, also declared independence from Spain, and called on other provinces of the former captaincy general of Guatemala to send deputies to the congress, which was to decide in March 1822: whether to insist on complete independence or not.

However, on October 29, 1821, Iturbide - already as regent of the Mexican Empire - sent a letter to the captain-general of the Interim Advisory Junta of Central America Gabino Gainse with a proposal to join Mexico ^[1] on the basis of the "three guarantees" specified in the Treaty of Cordova .

A month later, on November 30, Gaines sent a proposal to the provinces of Central America to solve the issue of joining Mexico in local discussions ^[1] . On December 3, 1821, Gainsa wrote a response letter to Iturbid, in which he indicated that in order to make a decision, he needed to find out the opinion of representatives of all the administrative units of Central America, and asked for the deadline until January 3, 1822, and before that time the Mexican troops who had already approached border ^[2] , should not have invaded Central America.

On January 5, 1822 (two days late against the promised date) Gains wrote that 32 municipalities agreed to the annexation unconditionally, 104 with certain conditions, 2 strongly opposed, and 21 believe that the issue should be discussed at the Congress scheduled for March . Despite the fact that this list was incomplete, it was obvious that the overwhelming majority were in favor of annexation, and therefore, under heavy pressure, Gainso and the Provisional Consultative Junta on January 9, 1822 ^[3] issued a declaration on the annexation of the territory of the former colonial Kingdom of Guatemala in the city ​​of Guatemala to the mexican empire.

January 11, 1822 The ruling junta of the province of San Salvador declared the annexation of illegitimate, and proclaimed the independence of the province of San Salvador .

On January 23, Iturbide appointed Gauins the temporary captain-general of Guatemala. On March 30, Iturbide made Gains a lieutenant general and offered to serve as governor of any of the provinces of the empire as a reward for service.

In May, Mexican troops under the command of Vicente Filisola entered Guatemala ^[1] . On June 12, 1822, they arrived in the city of Guatemala. On June 23, by order of Iturbide, Gains handed over power to Filisola and left for Mexico City .

In February 1823, Filisola succeeded in breaking the resistance of the province of San Salvador and annexing it to the Mexican Empire. However, on March 19, 1823, Iturbide abdicated the throne and fled the country. On July 1, 1823, the Declaration of Complete Independence of Central America was adopted, which again separated it from Mexico.

• Central America since Independence / Edited by Leslie Bethel. - Cambridge University Press, 1991. - ISBN 0-521-41307-9 .
• Anna T. Forging Mexico / Timothy E. Anna - Cambridge University Press, 1998. - ISBN 0-8032-1047-7 .
• Alperovich MS , Slezkin L. Yu. The Formation of Independent States in Latin America (1804-1903): Teacher Manual. - M .: Enlightenment, 1966. - 243 p. - 25 000 copies