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The model of the concentric zones of the city ( the Burgess model ) is a model explaining the structure of social groups in the city. It was created by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925 with the release of his book The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project [1] . Based on human ecology, Burgess gave an explanation for the distribution of social groups in urban areas. The distribution is a concentric ring depicting the use of urban land: the Central Business District (CDR) is located in the middle of the model, followed by rings with different land use.
Concentric zones
The model of the concentric zones of the city is based on the model of regional land use ( Tyunen model ), developed in 1826, and it contrasts with the sector model of Homer Hoyt and the model with several cores.
The concentric zones of the city are arranged in the following order [2] :
- Zone I - the central business district;
- Zone II is a transitional area where offices and light industry are located;
- Zone III - the working district, the place of residence of the working class, which is ousted from the transition zone, but settled near the place of work;
- Zone IV - area of residences, single family houses;
- Zone V - a suburban area (satellite cities), is in a half-hour-hour access from the city center.
- Zone II is a transitional area where offices and light industry are located;
Urban growth primarily stimulates migration or mobility (families, individuals, institutions), with spatial mobility sometimes being an indicator and accelerator of social mobility. Migration within the city, mobility and mobility of the spatial and social boundaries of the city structure, or the dynamics of urban processes, underlie the idea of concentric zones. Moreover, the urban dynamics, going in the direction from the center to the periphery, has a cyclical character, when the restoration of the city begins from the center and gradually moves to the outskirts, and those expand in a new range [2] .
The model is more detailed than the traditional down-mid-up , which distinguishes the lower part of the city, which is located in the central business district , and the upper part of the city — the prestigious outer ring — and the middle city between them.
The model of the concentric zones of the city is complemented by the Alonso model , which claims that the concentric circles are based on the cost that people will pay for the land. This value is based on the profit that can be obtained from doing business in this land. The city center will have the largest number of customers, so it is beneficial for retail activities. Production facilities will pay less because they are only interested in their accessibility to workers and goods. The residential land use zone will use the land surrounding the central and industrial parts of the city.
See also
- Mann model
Notes
- ↑ Burgess E. The Growth of the City: Introduction to a Research Project // Social and Human Sciences Abroad. - 2000. - Vol. 11 , No. 4 .
- 2 1 2 Park RE, Burgess EW, McKenzie RD The city . - Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 1925. - p. 51. - 240 p. - ISBN 0-226-64611-4 .