Karl Aleksandrovich Paterson (September 11, 1811 - January 12, 1890, St. Petersburg ) - poet , literary critic , translator .
| Karl Alexandrovich Peterson | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | September 11, 1811 |
| Date of death | January 12, 1890 (78 years old) |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |
| Citizenship (citizenship) | |
| Occupation | poet , literary critic |
| Years of creativity | 1834-1863 |
| Genre | poem, translation, literary criticism |
| Language of Works | Russian |
| Debut | 1834 |
Content
Biography
Born into a family of evangelical Lutheran faith, father is a college secretary . He began his service in the Vitebsk district court. From 1831 - in the Department of Education, from October 1832 in the office of the Committee of Ministers, a college registrar . Since 1849, the assistant overseer of students at Moscow University from Caucasian pupils. Last place of service is the Ministry of State Property of the Russian Empire . In 1870, the Ministry of State Property was sent to Crimea for six months as the manager of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and the Nikitsky School of Gardening and Winemaking [1] .
In St. Petersburg, he lived on Nevsky Prospect 84. He was buried in the Smolensk Lutheran cemetery .
Literary activity
The first verses were published in 1834 in the “Literary Addendum to the Russian Invalid.” Then Adele appeared in the “Son of the Fatherland ” - a melodramatic tale of unhappy love.
Since 1839, Peterson has been actively published in “Contemporary” by P. A. Pletnev : poems, article on the Italian carbonary poet Silvio Pellico , articles “Notes on Kapfig’s book“ League, Reformation and Henry IV “” (1842), “A Look at the Front "(1842)," Comments on Locke "(1842)," Napoleon and his son "(1843), a biographical sketch of Heinrich Heine (1843).
In the 1840s published in the children's magazine Zvyozdochka the poems Sleep, A Child in the Cradle, Prayer, a translation of Schiller ’s poem Spring.
In the early 1850s. published in the Moscow collection “Rout” chapters from the novel “Love of a 15-year-old girl” and several poems [2] .
Peterson entered the history of Russian journalism by publishing a note in the Moskovskiye Vedomosti newspaper (1863, No. 109) on the article “The Fatal Question” in the journal Vremya. Perceiving the content of the article was extremely superficial, partly even wrong, Peterson blamed the author under the pseudonym of "Russian" [3] , of betraying the Russian national interests during the suppression by government forces of the Polish uprising . The wording of the journal "time" Peterson accused that she dispensed with notes of agreement or disagreement with anonymous m author (in journalism at the time the article without a byline seen as expressing the views shared by the editors). Two days after the appearance of notes, followed by a "supreme decree" on the closing of the magazine "Time" official orders. was published in the newspaper " The Northern Bee " June 1, 1863 The answer to Peterson, written on behalf of the editorial staff by F. M. Dostoevsky , was not overlooked by censorship [4] .
The Orphan Poem
K. A. Peterson remained famous in Russian literature for the poem Orphan, first published in the journal Zvyozdochka (No. 3, 1843) under the title Prayer. It was repeatedly reprinted, included in all children's anthologies, and memorized by children at school [5] .
The evening was; sparkled stars
In the yard, the frost cracked;
Baby walked down the street
Turned blue and trembling all over.
“God! - said the baby, -
I am vegetative and I want to eat;
Who will warm and feed,
Good God, an orphan? ”
There was dear that old woman -
I heard an orphan;
Sheltered and warmed
And she gave him something to eat;
She put to bed.
“How warm!” He said.
He locked his eyes ... smiled ...
And fell asleep ... a quiet dream!
God and the bird feed the field,
And sprinkles a dew flower
Homeless Orphan
Also, God will not leave!
The poem is cited in the novel by N. G. Pomyalovsky "Essays on the Bursa" (1863), in the book by N. A. Taffy, "Life. Stories. Memories ”, in the book of L. Panteleev“ Our Masha ”. The motives of the poem are heard in the film of the 1970s. "Irony of Fate or Enjoy Your Bath". Hippolytus bitterly says: “There were good people ... He warmed, robbed. That is, they were picked up, warmed up ... ”In the play by M. A. Bulgakov “ Zoykin’s apartment ”(1925), a song is sung to the poem“ Orphan ”. The music for the poem was written by composers A. Buchner, A. Lozova, K. Reimers, V. Ruzhitsky.
A few parodies have been written on the poem [6] .
Notes
- ↑ Putilova E.O. The Riddle of Karl Alexandrovich Peterson, or Gogol Fantasmagoria // Neva . - SPb. , 1995. - No. 9 . - S. 218-221 .
- ↑ Peterson Karl Aleksandrovich // Russian writers. 1800-1917. Biographical Dictionary. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1999 .-- T. 4 . - S. 567 .
- ↑ The author of the article was N. N. Strakhov .
- ↑ Dostoevsky F.M. Complete Works in 30 volumes. - T. 20. - S. 97-101 (comment: ibid., Pp. 316-318).
- ↑ Peterson K. A. Orphan // Russian poetry for children. In 2 t. T. 1. / Intro. Art., comp., preparation. text and note. E.O. Putilova. - M .: Academic project, 1997.
- ↑ Song of the orphan and of the red warrior Gershenzon .
Literature
- Putilova E. O. Children's reading - for the heart and mind: Essays on the history of children's literature / Ed. Doctors of Philology, prof. S. A. Goncharova. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after A.I. Herzen, 2005