Australian Aboriginal languages are the largest language family in terms of the number of languages in the Australian continent. It includes 178 languages of Australian peoples and tribes, the range of which covers 7/8 of Australia (except for north-western regions).
| Poma-nyunga languages | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | family |
| Homeland | Australia |
| Status | generally accepted |
| Area | Australia (most, with the exception of the far north) |
| Classification | |
| Category | Australian languages |
| Macro-poma-nyunga languages (hypothesis) | |
| Composition | |
| see article | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
Pama Nyunga languages
The largest linguistic groups in the Poma Nyunga family are the Poman languages and the southwestern languages of Australia — 43 and 52 separate languages, respectively.
Content
Classification
Below is a classification based on the latest work of Bauern and Atkinson (2012), taking into account the work of Bowern 2012 (for which, in particular, the number of languages is given in most cases) and Glottolog data [1] ( below - GL). A question mark indicates uncertainty about the existence of a given taxon in general or in a given place, which, in particular, may result from a contradiction between the indicated sources.
- Southeastern Subfamily (Southeastern)
- victorian branch (victorian)
- Lower Murray Group (Lower Murray) - 9 languages
- Eastern Victoria Group (Eastern Victoria)
- gypsland group (Gippsland)
- Canai group (Gaanay, Kurnai, Ganai) - 4 languages
- tuturoa (Dhudhuroa) - 1 language
- Palanganmittang (Pallanganmiddang) - 1 language
- Yotayot group (Yotayotic) - 2 languages
- gypsland group (Gippsland)
- Kuliniya group (makrokulinskaya; (Macro-) Kulin (ic), Kulin-Bunganditj) - 13 languages
- Kulinsk group (Kulin group) - 12 languages
- Drual group (Bunganditj, Drual group) - 1-2 languages
- Kolakngat (Gulidjan) - 1 language
- New Southwages Branch (New SouthWales)
- Yuin-Curian group (Yuin-Kuric) - 14 languages
- Anevan (?) (Anewan, Nganyaywana) - 1 language; GL et al. Unite with nyangati (Dyangadi, Burgadi, Thanggati) in Macleay-New England
- Viratur group (Wiradhuric, Central (Inland) NSW) - 3-5 languages
- muruwari (Muruwari) - 1 language
- north coast
- Turupali group (Durubalic (Durubulic) - 5 languages
- Pandyalang group (Bandjalangic) - 5 languages
- ? Yukambal Group (Yugambal-Bigambal + Guyambal) - 2-3 languages
- Waka-Kabi group (Waka-Kabic) - 5 languages
- Kumbayngir group (Gumbaynggiric) - 2 languages: kumpayngkir and yakir
- victorian branch (victorian)
- Northern subfamily (Northern)
- mayi-kalkatung branch (gulf)
- Kalkatungic , Galgadungic - 2 languages
- Mayapian group (Mayi, Mayabic) - 6 languages
- Pama-Mari Branch (Pama-Maric, Pama-Maran, NE. Pama-Nyungan)
- Mari group (Maric, Greater Maric) - 26 languages
- Paman group (Paman) - 57 languages
- Kuku-varra (Gugu-Warra) - GL highlights separately
- dirbal group (Dyirbalic, Herbert River) - 5 languages
- Dirbal group proper (Dyirbalic proper) - 2 languages
- Nyawaygic group (Nyawaygic) - 3 languages
- varugu ? (Warungu) - usually refers to the Mari
- mbabaram ? (Mbabaram) - usually refers to the Pomane
- Western Torres Group (Western Torres) - 2 languages, incl. kala lagav I
- Yalandi-Yitin group ((Yimidhirr-) Yalanji-Yidinic) - 4-6 languages
- Yalandia subgroup (Yalandyic, Yalanjic), incl. cuck-yimithyrr - 2-4 languages (including extinct barrow point language )
- The Yitin group (Yidinic) - 2 languages
- volcano-kingkel group? (Wulguru-Kingkel, Wulguru-Rockhampton-Gladstone) - 4 languages: tarhmal (Dharumbal), soldered (Bayali), pindal (Bindal), volcano (Wulguru)
- mayi-kalkatung branch (gulf)
- Central subfamily (Central)
- aranta-tour-jurassic branch (Arandic-Thura-Yura)
- tour-Jurassic group (Thura-Yura) - 8 languages
- Arantia Group (Arandic) - 7 languages
- karna jarly branch (Southwest Queensland)
- Carnian group (Karnic) - 14 languages
- Yarly-Pacantia Group (Northwest NSW, Yarli-Baagandji)
- Jarly group (Yardli) - 3 languages
- Paquanta group (Paakantyi, Darling) - 2 languages
- aranta-tour-jurassic branch (Arandic-Thura-Yura)
- Western subfamily (Western)
- yolnu-warluvar branch (?) (Yolŋu-Warluwaric)
- Varluvar group (Ngarna; Warluwaric, Ngarna) - 5 languages
- yolngui group (Yolŋu, Yuulngu) - 10 languages
- Nyungic branch (Nyungic)
- Desert (Nyungic)
- Marrngu band (Marrngu) - 3 languages
- Ngumpin-Yap group (Ngumpin-Yapa) - 10 languages
- Warumungu (Warumungu) - 1 language
- Vati group (Wati) - 18 languages
- southwest (southwest )
- pilbar supergroup (Pilbara)
- Ngayarta group (Ngayarta) - 12 languages
- Kanyara-Mantatskaya group (Kanyara-Mantharta) - 6 languages
- Cartu Group (Kartu, Kartu-Nhanda) - 5 languages
- Nyungar group (Nyungar, Nyungic, Southwest, Nyunga) - 11 languages
- Mirniny group (Mirniny) - 2 languages
- pilbar supergroup (Pilbara)
- Desert (Nyungic)
- yolnu-warluvar branch (?) (Yolŋu-Warluwaric)
Notes
- ↑ Pama-Nyungan // Glottolog 2.2
Literature
- Bowern C. Master List of Australian Languages , v1.2. 2012
- Bowern C., Atkinson Q. Pama-Nyungan Computational Phylogenetics and the internal structure // Language, 2012, vol. 88, No. four.
- Bowern C., Koch H. (eds.) Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004.
- Dixon RMW Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
- McConvell P., Evans N. (eds.) Archeology and Linguistics: Global Perspectives on Ancient Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Studies in Comparative Pama-Nyungan. Canberra, 1990.