Niche ( fr. Niche or German. Nische ; nicher "to build a nest" from lat. Nīdus "nest"; the Latin word for Russian "nest" [1] [2] [3] );
- an architectural element, a decorative recess in the wall, used to install statues , vases, fonts or other items;
- deepening in the parapet [4] ;
- a certain, usually limited scope of any activity, the possibility of applying such activity.
Content
- 1 Architecture
- 2 Military
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Architecture
Semicircular arches of niches are often decorated with shell-shaped corrugations.
Niches are widely used in religious buildings of various religions. They were used by ancient Roman architects in the interior and on the external walls of structures (for example, the Temple of Diana in Nimes , II century A.D.). There are many examples of the use of decorative indentations in Gothic architecture ( Amiens Cathedral , Wells Cathedral , etc.). Niches were used later by architects of the Italian Renaissance and in European architecture of the XVII-XVIII centuries.
Semicircular niches are called exedras ( dr. Greek. Ἐξέδρα ).
Warfare
In military affairs , a niche [4] is a recess in the parapet or wall of a trench , trench or course of communication intended for placing weapons, ammunition (storing cartridges, charges and shells ), food and water, for protecting them from bullets and shell fragments.
See also
- Mihrab
- Edicula
Notes
- ↑ Etymology of the word niche . ΛΓΩ. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ Etymology of the word niche . ΛΓΩ. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ Etymology of the word niche . ΛΓΩ. Date of treatment July 14, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Niche // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
Literature
- Niche // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- Niche // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Niche // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- Niche // New Encyclopedic Dictionary : In 48 volumes (29 volumes out). - SPb. , Pg. , 1911-1916.
- Niche // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- Adamchik, V.V., Adamchik, M.V., Andersen E.V. et al. Architecture. Quick Reference / Ed. M.V. Adamchik. - 2nd ed. - Moscow, Minsk: AST, Harvest, 2004 .-- S. 334. - 624 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-031054-8 , 978-985-16-2930-1.