Yakov Grigorievich Zhilinsky ( March 15 [27], 1853 , Mikhailov - 1918 ) - Russian cavalry general , chief of the General Staff (1911-14), in 1914 the Governor-General of Warsaw and the commander of the Warsaw Military District . It is considered the main culprit of the failure of the East Prussian offensive operation , which began the First World War [1] [2] . The last private owner of the estate is Krasnoe .
| Yakov G. Zhilinsky | |||||||||||||||
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| Predecessor | Skalon, George Antonovich | ||||||||||||||
| Successor | Engalychev, Pavel Nikolaevich | ||||||||||||||
| Birth | March 15 (27), 1853 Mikhailov | ||||||||||||||
| Death | 1918 | ||||||||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||
| Awards |
Foreign:
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| Affiliation |  Russian empire | ||||||||||||||
| Type of army | cavalry | ||||||||||||||
| Rank | cavalry general | ||||||||||||||
| Commanded | Northwest Front | ||||||||||||||
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Content
Biography
Born in Mikhailov , came from the noblemen of Smolensk province [3] : son of Colonel Grigory Ivanovich Zhilinsky and Ekaterina Petrovna, nee Muromtseva. Initially brought up in the Moscow private Creiman Grammar School (1865-1871, from II to VI class).
He entered the service on June 30, 1873 - as a junker in the Sumy hussar regiment [4] . In 1874 he entered and in 1876 graduated from the Nikolaev Cavalry School . Released as a cornet to the Cavalier Guard regiment (considered one of the best riders; he was in charge of the regiment's training team). In 1880 he entered and in 1883 graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in the first category; for excellent success was promoted to captain .
Since November 26, 1885 - senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 1st Grenadier Division. From February 11, 1887, the youngest, from February 14, 1894 - the senior clerk of the office of the Military Scientific Committee of the General Staff. He took part in the study and research of foreign countries, which resulted in numerous printed works, most of which were not subject to publication.
Since May 2, 1898 he was at the disposal of the chief of the General Staff, was a military agent with the Spanish army in Cuba during the Spanish-American War (1898). He presented an interesting and detailed report on his observations, in which he presented a complete picture of the war with an explanation of the causes of the defeats and failures of the Spanish army. In 1899, he was a delegate from the War Department at the Hague Peace Conference . Since August 18, 1899 - commander of the 52nd Dragoon Nezhinsky regiment . In 1900 he was promoted to major general . From August 3, 1900, the Quartermaster General , from May 1, 1903, the 2nd Quartermaster of the General Staff.
On January 29, 1904 he was appointed chief of the field headquarters of the governor in the Far East E.I. From January 5, 1905 was at the disposal of the Minister of War. He commanded the 14th Cavalry Division (from January 27, 1906), the 10th Army Corps (from July 7, 1907). General of the cavalry (April 18, 1910). Since February 22, 1911 - Chief of the General Staff [5] . On March 4, 1914, he was appointed commander of the Warsaw Military District and the Warsaw Governor General .
On July 19, 1914, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armies of the North-Western Front while retaining the post of Governor General. Because of the mistakes made by him in military planning during the East Prussian offensive operation , the 2nd Russian army was defeated, about 6 thousand of which were killed, almost 50 thousand were captured. As a result, the seizure of East Prussia was disrupted.
Following the results of the fighting in East Prussia, Zilinsky was removed from the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Armies on September 3, 1914 and transferred to the disposal of the Minister of War. In 1915-1916 he represented the Russian command in the Allied Council in France . In the fall of 1916, recalled to Russia. September 19, 1917 dismissed from service with a uniform and pension. After the October Revolution, he tried to go abroad, but was arrested in the Crimea and shot.
Rewards
- Order of St. Stanislav 3rd Art. (1880)
- Order of St. Anne , 3rd art. (1888)
- Order of St. Stanislav, 2nd art. (1894)
- Order of St. Anne, 2nd art. (1896)
- Order of St. Vladimir 4th art. (1899)
- Order of St. Vladimir 3rd art. (1902)
- Order of St. Stanislav 1st Art. with swords (October 15, 1904)
- Order of St. Anne 1st Art. with swords (1905)
- Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd art. (December 6, 1909)
- Order of the White Eagle (March 25, 1912)
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (October 4, 1913)
Foreign:
- Prussian Order of the Crown of the 2nd degree (1888);
- Württemberg Order of Frederick , Commander's Cross of the 2nd class (1893);
- The Serbian Order of Such is the 1st degree (1893);
- French Legion of Honor , officer cross (1895);
- Turkish Order of Medjidiy 1st degree (1895);
- Montenegrin Order of Prince Daniel I of the 2nd degree (1896);
- Württemberg Order of the Crown , Commander's Cross (1896);
- Spanish Military Order "Merito Melitar" 3rd degree (1899);
- Netherlands Order of the Orange-Nassau , large officer cross (1899);
- Swedish Order of the Sword , Commander's Cross 2nd class (1901);
- Bulgarian Order "St. Alexander" , large officer cross (1901);
- French Legion of Honor , Commander's Cross (1901);
- Italian Order of the Crown of Italy , large officer cross (1903).
Works
- A brief outline of the expeditions of the Italians to Abyssinia. - SPb., 1890.
- The building of the General Staff. Historical background. - St. Petersburg, 1892.
- The Spanish-American War. - St. Petersburg, 1899.
Notes
- ↑ N.N. Yakovlev. The last war of old Russia. Moscow, Education, 1994. Pp. 48.
- ↑ G.I. Yasnitsky. Behind the curtains of the great catastrophe. San Francisco, 1987. pp. 53.
- ↑ Soviet military encyclopedia.
- ↑ Samarina, U.S. Index of Names // Osorgin M.M. Memoirs ..., 1861-1920. - M .: Ros. Cultural Foundation and others, 2009. - S. 912.
- ↑ илиilina // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
Literature
- Zalessky K. A. Who was who in the First World War. - M .: AST ; Astrel, 2003 .-- 896 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-019670-9 (ACT); ISBN 5-271-06895-1 (Astrel).
- List to the generals by seniority. St. Petersburg, Military Printing House, 1906.
Links
- Biography of Zhilinsky Ya. G .. On the Chronos website .
- Zhilinsky, Yakov Grigorievich . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War".