Coarse calico ( Turk. Beyaz - white, bleached, or Arab. [Bäzz] ) - dense cotton fabric, plain weave , paper canvas, burmete. Coarse calico is produced severe (unfinished) and bleached , printed and one- colored . Bleached calico is commonly called linen . It is believed that satin or calico is necessarily made from natural cotton. However, it is not. Their composition can include both natural fibers and artificial ones [1] .
It appeared in Russia in the 16th century , and in ancient times was brought from Asia . Used for crib , caftans and other outerwear as a lining. In the XVIII - XX centuries, bleached calico was used to sew underwear for soldiers, as it was cheaper than calico . One-colored calico was used for lining and duplication of costume and coat fabrics, printed - for women’s and children’s light dresses.
Currently, calico is the main type of fabric for sewing bed linen . Coarse linen, according to the hostesses, can withstand an "infinite" number of washings, and it is also relatively inexpensive. Depending on the density of weaving, both front and everyday headsets can be made from coarse calico. The latter, due to their practicality, are in great demand in Russia. According to these indicators, only a mixture of cotton with polyester is comparable with calico.
It is also worth noting such properties of calico as:
- hygiene
- ecological cleanliness
- ease
- ability for many years to maintain the brightness of the picture
- low creasing
Content
From the history of the beginning of the production of calico in Russia
“The history of this new fabric is interesting not only in itself, but also in the sense that the introduction of coarse calico into the number of fabrics manufactured in Russia is the merit of three Kineshma manufacturers . Member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society I. Aksakov , who wrote a valuable study in 1858 about trading at Ukrainian fairs, says:
“The paper matter is very remarkable for its sales, known by merchants under the name of American or Odessa paper web, or calico. It is called American because the Americans began to make it, Odessa because it first appeared in Odessa, and “beating” or “calico” is a spoiled Turkish or Tatar word borrowed by our merchants from Karaites or Bessarabian buyers. Intermittent Kineshchemians , having met this matter in their Ukrainian nomadic nomadism, brought fabric calico in their factories , and soon then Russian coarse calico appeared on sale at Ukrainian fairs at three Kineshma manufacturers - at Razorenov and two Konovalovs ” [2]
This extract undoubtedly indicates that the Razorenovs and Konovalovs were those “intermittent,” or rather, the enterprising Kineshchem people who introduced the production of calico in Russia " [3]
Shilya - obsolete, plain calico
Hanagai - superior quality coarse calico
Notes
- ↑ Satin or calico - which is better? .
- ↑ See “Research on trade at the Ukrainian fairs of I. Aksakov”, St. Petersburg, 1858
- ↑ Massalsky V.I. “The Great Kinesham Factory. Historical and statistical essay ", M., 1913, p. 12-13
Literature
- Coarse calico // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Coarse calico // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- R. M. Kirsanova . Coarse calico // Costume in Russian artistic culture of the 18th - first half of the 20th centuries: The experience of the encyclopedia / ed. T. G. Morozova , V. D. Sinyukova . - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1995. - S. 58. - 383 p.: Ill. with. - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-144-0 .
- Coarse calico - Brief Encyclopedia of Household / Ed. I. M. Skvortsov et al. - M.: State Scientific Publishing House "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" - 1959.