Eutelsat 36A (formerly Eutelsat W4 ) is a communications satellite owned by the French satellite operator Eutelsat , designed to provide DTH services in Russia, the CIS, as well as in Africa. Eutelsat 36A is located in geostationary orbit at a standing point of 36 ° E.
| Eutelsat 36A | |
|---|---|
| Eutelsat w4 | |
| Customer |  Eutelsat |
| Manufacturer | Alcatel Space [1] |
| Operator | |
| Tasks | telecommunications |
| Satellite | Of the earth |
| Launch pad |  Canaveral SLC-36B [2] |
| Launch vehicle | Atlas-3 A AC-201 [2] |
| Launch | May 24, 2000 11:10:05 UTC [2] |
| NSSDC ID | 2000-028A |
| SCN | 26369 |
| Specifications | |
| Platform | Spacebus-3000B2 [1] |
| Weight | 3190 kg (at the start) [1] [3] |
| Dimensions | 4.6 × 2.5 × 1.8 m (under the fairing) [3] |
| Power | 5.84 kW [3] |
| The term of active existence | 12 years [1] |
| Elements of the orbit | |
| Orbit type | geostationary |
| Standing point | 36 ° c. d. |
| Target equipment | |
| Transponders | 31 Ku [1] |
The satellite covers Western Russia and most of Central and Southern parts of Africa [1] .
Eutelsat 36A was launched in 2000 and, according to Eutelsat, covers the broadcasting area from Scandinavia to the Caspian Sea. The satellite provides commercial lease of television and radio channels for the Ukrainian company “Surface Plus” and the Russian company “ NTV-Plus ”, as well as for the shopping center “New Century” and “ Tricolor TV ”. Also, the satellite broadcasts a large number of channels in a focused beam to Nigeria and part of North Africa and thus has a transcontinental character [4] .
12 of the 31 Eutelsat 36A satellite transponders provide commercial services to Sub-Saharan Africa through a directional beam, and another satellite directional beam serves West Africa . The Eutelsat 36A is the first Ku-band sub-sugar Africa operational operational satellite. MultiChoice Company emphasized the role of the satellite in providing its broadcasts to West Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean [5] .
The satellite name changed in March 2012, along with the name change of many other communication satellites [1] . The design lifetime is 12 years, but due to the fact that the satellite was in excellent condition by the end of this period, it was decided to extend the active life to 17 years [6] .
Content
- 1 History of creation
- 2 Design
- 3 Launch
- 4 Broadcast
- 4.1 Broadcast in Russia
- 4.2 Broadcast in Ukraine
- 4.3 Broadcasting in Africa
- 5 notes
- 6 References
Creation History
The Eutelsat 36A satellite was created to expand the range of services provided in eastern Europe and central Asia . Historically, these zones were not covered due to Soviet influence. A 36 ° c position was leased as a standing point. d., where in addition to this satellite also housed the SESAT-1, launched in 2000. [7] These two satellites were dedicated to Arthur Clark , the “father” of the geostationary orbit , who was knighted on May 26, 2000, two days after the launch of Eutelsat 36A [8] .
Design
The satellite was developed by an international consortium led by Aerospatiale of France (now Alcatel Space ), the main contractors of which were DASA (Germany), Alenia Aerospazio of Italy and Space Systems / Loral (USA). As the base platform used Spacebus 3000 . [1] [9] The device has dimensions of 4.6 × 2.5 × 1.8 m, the height after opening the antennas is 2.9 m, the width with open solar panels is 29 m. The mass of the device at the start is 3190 kg, reaching the target orbit - 2800 kg, dry weight - 1285 kg. The power provided by solar panels at the end of the device’s existence is estimated to be at least 5.84 kW. [3]
The circularly polarized antenna for covering the territory of Russia has a reflector of a special shape, a single irradiator and a polarizer. To form an African fixed beam with linear polarization, a double grating reflector with two irradiators is used. The redirected antenna has a Gregory design with a special-shaped primary reflector and a secondary mirror. [9]
Launch
To launch the satellite, a contract was signed with International Launch Services . For the first time, a new Atlas-3 modification with RD-180 engines in the first stage was used as the launch vehicle - this is the first American rocket using the Russian engine. [10] [11]
The launch was launched on May 24, 2000 at 23:10:05 UTC from the SLC-36B site located on Cape Canaveral [2] [12] . 29 minutes after the launch, the device successfully separated from the launch vehicle, and four hours later the solar panels were partially deployed. After that, the device carried out a series of orbital maneuvers to achieve a geostationary orbit , they were carried out under the control of the German Aviation and Space Center located in the village of Oberpfaffenhofen . [8]
Broadcast
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| Eutelsat 36A 36 ° E satellite coverage map | |
| KU Range African Beam | |
| KU Range Russian beam | |
| KU Range Guided Beam | |
The satellite broadcasts a signal in the Ku band [1] , transponders of other bands are not available on the satellite. In total, there are 31 transponders on the Eutelsat 36A satellite, from which signal reception is possible, almost any of these transponders broadcasts a package of television channels and radio channels. Transponder center frequencies and channel widths are compatible with the Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) standard. All channels have a bandwidth of 33 MHz. All 31 channels are designed to operate at full capacity during all 12 years of active existence. [9] 19 transponders form a powerful fixed beam with circular polarization directed to the territory of Russia. Two more linearly polarized beams (one fixed and one reconfigurable) are intended for broadcasting in Africa. [8] [9] Data services, such as satellite Internet, are not available on the satellite.
The Eutelsat 36A satellite relays 264 channels, 19 of which are broadcast in clear text (FTA) and 245 in encoded form. Reception of open channels from the Eutelsat 36A satellite is possible on any household satellite receivers that support the transponder broadcast format. Reception of encoded channels is possible on receivers with support of corresponding encoding and valid subscription to operator channel packages.
Broadcast in Russia
Broadcasting to Russia is provided by the 36A Russia beam.
In Russia, the satellite is used for broadcasting the largest satellite platforms in Russia - Tricolor TV and NTV-Plus [13] . The Russian satellite beam provides coverage for most of the country, with the exception of Siberian regions. The signal from it can be received on small-diameter antennas, which makes it convenient to connect to operators from this satellite.
On the Eutelsat 36A satellite there is a part of the Tricolor TV transponders and NTV-Plus transponders [13] . Also, these transponders are located on the neighboring satellite Eutelsat 36B , formerly called Eutelsat W7.
On June 27, 2013, the Eutelsat 36A satellite was used during the first public broadcast in Ultra HD format in Russia. The 16-minute film was transmitted through the 34th satellite transponder. The video data had a resolution of 3840 × 2160 pixels, 25 frames / s, the transmission speed was 40 Mbps, the MPEG-4 standard [14] [15] was used for compression.
Broadcast in Ukraine
Eutelsat 36A became the satellite selected for the first direct satellite broadcasting service in Ukraine [16] .
Broadcast in Africa
Eutelsat 36A provides service to Africa's largest satellite operators Multichoice Africa, hiTV.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Eutelsat W4 → Eutelsat 36A (English) . Gunter's Space Page. Date of treatment July 28, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Jonathan McDowell. Launch Log Date of treatment July 28, 2015. Archived June 13, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Petr Lála, Antonín Vítek. 2000-028A - Eutelsat W4 (Czech) . lib.cas.cz (December 18, 2011). Date of treatment July 30, 2015.
- ↑ Lisa Parks, James Schwoch. Down to Earth: Satellite Technologies, Industries, and Cultures . - 2012.
- ↑ Africa Telecom Monthly Newsletter - Page 7
- ↑ Issue resolved from 36 ° E Archived copy of November 3, 2013 on the Wayback Machine // Telesputnik, No. 3 (208), March 2013, p. 42
- ↑ edited by Lisa Parks and James Schwoch. Down to Earth: Satellite Technologies, Industries, and Cultures . - 2012 .-- P. 130.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Eutelsat`s New W4 Satellite Successfully Launched by the Maiden Voyage of the Atlas III (Eng.) // Wireless Satellite & Broadcasting. - July 2000. - P. 11 . - ISSN 1058-6695 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Eutelsat. Summary Characteristics of the W Satellites . satellite.bitnet.info (2003). Date of treatment July 30, 2015.
- ↑ Launch Services Contract Secured For Eutelsat's W4 Satellite (inaccessible link - history ) . International Launch Services Inc. (Feb. 1, 2000). Date of treatment July 29, 2015.
- ↑ Atlas 3A vehicle data . Spaceflight Now Inc. (May 14, 2000). Date of treatment July 29, 2015.
- ↑ McDowell, Jonathan (2000-05-29). Issue 427. Jonathan's Space Report. (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment June 7, 2015. Archived December 6, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 EUTELSAT 36A (ex W4) auf 36 ° Ost (unavailable link) . Official Eutelsat website. Date of treatment June 14, 2015. Archived January 24, 2013.
- ↑ Daniil Sidorov. Tricolor has demonstrated a highly accurate future . ComNews (06/28/2013). Date of treatment July 30, 2015.
- ↑ Mikhail Zhytomyr, Nina Lysova. Pushing horizons - the first UHDTV broadcast in Russia (rus.) // MediaVision: magazine. - 2013. - No. 6/36 . - S. 5, 6 .
- ↑ Poverkhnost Selects Eutelsat W4 Satellite for Ukraine's First DTH TV Platform // Eutelsat Communications 10/7/2005
Links
- EUTELSAT 36A (ex W4) auf 36 ° Ost (link not available) . Official Eutelsat website. Date of treatment June 14, 2015. Archived January 24, 2013.