Joint Comprehensive Action Plan

Negotiations between Iran and P5 + 1 began in 2005, their main goal was to ensure that Iran was not developing nuclear weapons , while Tehran’s right to conduct peaceful nuclear activities was recognized.

Last Round of Negotiations

On July 15, 2015, Iran and the G-6 countries ( USA , France , Great Britain , Germany , China and Russia ) reached an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program in exchange for lifting sanctions against Iran. Under the agreement, Iran should allow the IAEA inspectors to its nuclear facilities, the countries of the West, in turn, will step by step remove sanctions from Iran. The agreement must be ratified by all parties and approved by the UN Security Council ^[3] .

The main points of agreement ^[4] :

• Most of the Iranian enriched uranium will be exported abroad.
• Iran’s achievements in the field of nuclear weapons will be monitored.
• None of the nuclear facilities in Iran will be dismantled.
• Fordo's fuel enrichment plant will become a nuclear physics research center without uranium enrichment facilities.
• The IAEA will gain access to all nuclear facilities in the country for a period of 20 years, which will allow the organization to ensure that the Iranian nuclear program is exclusively peaceful.
• The sanctions of the United States , the European Union and the UN Security Council will be lifted after the conclusion of a comprehensive agreement on Iran’s nuclear program, the signing of which is scheduled for late June. Some restrictive measures on the part of P5 + 1 will remain in effect for a while, but then will be canceled.
• Paragraph 26 of the JCPOA states that Iran will consider re-imposing sanctions or imposing new sanctions related to the nuclear field “as a basis for terminating its obligations in whole or in part”. The same paragraph provides that the European Union and the United States will refrain from re-introducing new sanctions against Iran ^[2] .

In October 2017, US President D. Trump announced that he would no longer assure Congress that the “Comprehensive Comprehensive Action Plan” was in the interests of the United States. ^[five]

International reaction ^[6] :

• this decision has received the support of Saudi Arabia and Israel;
• The EU stated that the current agreement cannot be denounced by a decision of one country;
• The Russian Foreign Minister expressed regret over Trump’s decision, but considered that this would not lead to the termination of the agreement.

On May 8, 2018, Trump announced the country's withdrawal from the agreement on the Iranian nuclear program. The US president said the US has evidence that Iran continues to develop nuclear weapons, thereby violating the Joint Comprehensive Action Plan. He also announced the restoration of sanctions against Tehran ^[7] .

On May 8, 2019 (on the anniversary of the US withdrawal from the agreement), Iran in response to U.S. actions, in accordance with paragraph 26 of the JCPOA, announced the first stage of the termination of a number of points of the nuclear deal (in terms of enriched uranium and heavy water reserves). In particular, Iran exceeded the value of low enriched uranium reserves, set at 300 kilograms. July 7, 2019 Tehran announced the second phase of the reduction of obligations under the JCPOA. Iran said it is starting the process of uranium enrichment at a level above the 3.67% ^{[2] [8]} stipulated by the nuclear deal.

After this, a number of incidents occurred with attacks on tankers in the Strait of Hormuz.

• Nuclear facilities in Iran
• Amad (project)

• Iranian Atomic Organization .
• Agreement text
• Joint Comprehensive Action Plan for the Iranian Nuclear Program