Somaliland's foreign policy is administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs [1] . Somaliland is a self-proclaimed independent republic, internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia . The self-proclaimed independence of the region remains unrecognized by the international community [2] [3] .
Due to its status, Somaliland currently does not have any official contacts with any of the states. International recognition as a sovereign, stable state remains a priority in the modern foreign policy of the Somaliland government. Other key priorities are attracting international assistance and foreign investment .
The position of the international community is expressed in support of the central government, territorial integrity and sovereignty of Somalia [4] .
Content
General information
Somaliland has political contacts with Somalia's neighbors - Ethiopia [5] and Djibouti [6] , as well as with Belgium [5] , France [7] , Ghana [5] , the Republic of South Africa [5] , Sweden [5] [8 ] , Great Britain [5] [9] and USA [10] .
In 2007, a delegation led by President Kahin attended a meeting of Commonwealth Heads of Government in Kampala, Uganda. Although Somaliland applied for joining the Commonwealth in the status of observer, his request has not yet been accepted [11] .
In 2002, Germany refused to recognize Somaliland as a prelude to establishing a military base in the region. Instead, she established a naval base in Djibouti. [12] German warships were already operating from Berbera [13] . In September 2012, at a mini-summit on Somalia on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly, the German government also reaffirmed their continued support for the Somali government, territorial integrity and sovereignty [4] .
In 2011, the foreign ministers of South Africa and Tanzania stated that they were not ready to recognize Somaliland and that they would prefer that Somalia remain a single country. [14] In 2012, the Republic of South Africa and Ethiopia also reaffirmed their continued support for the Government of Somalia, territorial integrity and sovereignty at the Somalia mini-summit in New York on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly. [4]
In April 2014, the Sheffield City Council in the United Kingdom voted to recognize Somaliland’s right to self-determination, the first city council to do so. The gesture was purely symbolic and has no legal force [15] . On March 26, 2015, Cardiff City Council followed suit.
May 18, 2015, the Independence Party of Great Britain celebrated Independence Day of Somaliland and expressed support for the international recognition of the country [16] . However, the UK government and the international community officially recognize Somaliland as an autonomous state of Somalia.
Political Relations with States
- Ethiopia After the outbreak of war with Eritrea and the loss of access to the sea, Ethiopia began to actively cooperate with Somaliland and use the maritime infrastructure of the port of Berbera for the delivery of goods and trade. Ethiopia has a diplomatic mission - a consulate in Somaliland.
- Yemen The Yemeni government is in contact with the government of Somaliland, and in 2010, Yemen announced that it plans to open a diplomatic mission in Somaliland.
- Israel In February 2010, rumors appeared that Israel could recognize Somaliland [17] [18] . Rumors were not confirmed [19] . In addition, an arms smuggling case was initiated involving arms dealers in Somaliland and Israel [19] .
- Kenya May 18, 2011 in Nairobi on the 20th anniversary of the independence of Somaliland and on July 9 of the same year in Juba at the ceremony of declaration of independence of South Sudan, Kenyan Deputy Foreign Minister Richard Onionka said that Kenya plans to recognize the independence of Somaliland [20] .
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Since June 2013, Mohamed Jonis has been Minister of Foreign Affairs of Somaliland [21] .
Diplomatic
Somaliland has liaison offices and offices in several states, but these missions do not have formal diplomatic status in accordance with the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations .
Such offices are located in the following cities:
- Addis Ababa [22]
- Djibouti [22]
- London [22]
- Paris [23]
- Pretoria [24]
- Stockholm [25]
- Turin [22]
- Washington [22]
The following foreign governments support diplomatic missions in Hargeisa :
- Ethiopia - consulate; headed by a diplomat at the rank of ambassador [26] [27] . Ethiopia also maintains another consulate in the neighboring autonomous region - Puntland [28] . Ethiopia also has an embassy in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia [29] .
As of February 2010, the Government of Yemen was reportedly planning to open a diplomatic mission in Hargeisa. [30]
In October 2010, Yemeni officials and the Puntland administration also agreed to establish a similar consulate and sales office in Puntland. [31]
Border Disputes
Somaliland disputes control over Sul, Sanaag and Iyen (SSC), regions with independent regional administrations of Puntland and Hatumo (formerly HBM-SSC or Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC [32] ). Residents of these areas mainly belong to the same clan as most residents of Puntland.
In addition, the administration of the province of Audal is disputed between Somalia and the administration of Avdaland .
Somaliland leaders also distanced themselves from the creation of the Federal Government of Somalia , which they see as a threat to their independence.
Passport
Somaliland issues its own passports [33] , which are recognized by eight countries, namely South Africa, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Belgium, France, South Sudan, Kenya and the UAE [34] .
International Organizations
Somaliland is a member of the Organization of Nations and Peoples Without Representation (UNPO) [17] .
See also
- Somalia's foreign policy
Notes
- ↑ Council of Ministers Archived January 7, 2001. . Government of Somaliland.
- ↑ Lacey, Marc (June 5, 2006). The Signs Say Somaliland, but the World Says Somalia // The New York Times . Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ UN in Action: Reforming Somaliland's Judiciary (PDF). Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Communiqué on Secretary-General's Mini-Summit on Somalia . United Nations. Date of treatment August 7, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Somaliland closer to recognition by Ethiopia . Afrol News. Date of treatment July 6, 2007.
- ↑ Somaliland, Djibouti in bitter port feud . afrol News. Date of treatment July 22, 2007.
- ↑ France recognizes de facto Somaliland , Les Nouvelles d'Addis (April 8, 2008). Archived July 15, 2010. Date of treatment February 4, 2010.
- ↑ Somaliland Diplomatic Mission in Sweden (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment April 2, 2010. Archived May 10, 2009.
- ↑ Somaliland . United Kingdom Parliament (February 4, 2004). Date of treatment February 23, 2007.
- ↑ Somaliland Liaison Office Washington DC . Somaliland Liaison Office. Date of treatment February 19, 2015. Archived April 4, 2013.
- ↑ Somaliland on verge of observer status in the Commonwealth . Qaran News (November 16, 2009). Date of treatment February 2, 2010.
- ↑ Süddeutsche.de GmbH, Munich, Germany. Dschibuti - Einer der heißesten Flecken der Welt - Politik . sueddeutsche.de (January 2, 2002). Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ www.german-foreign-policy.com unopened . www.german-foreign-policy.com. Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ SA, Tanzania don't recognize Somaliland (August 13, 2011). Date of treatment October 13, 2014.
- ↑ Somaliland Hails British Step Forward in Independence Bid (April 5, 2014). Date of treatment April 23, 2014.
- ↑ UKIP supports Somaliland National Day (link not available) . Date of treatment July 10, 2015. Archived June 26, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Somaliland: Israel says ready to recognize Somaliland . UNPO (February 12, 2010). Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ No Author. Somalia: Israel to recognize Somaliland independence . Jimma Times. Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 junge Welt - die linke Tageszeitung. Nachrichten und Hintergründe . Jungewelt.de (May 24, 2012). Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ Eritrea opposes South Sudan, Kenya may recognize Somalilend . Archived on September 28, 2011. Date of treatment June 1, 2011.
- ↑ Somaliland: President Silanyo Unveils A Major Reshuffle To His Cabinet (June 25, 2013). Date of treatment July 23, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Contacts and addresses of the Somaliland Representative Offices around the world Archived on March 27, 2010. . Government of Somaliland.
- ↑ Wiren, Robert (April 8, 2008). France recognizes de facto Somaliland Archived March 4, 2016 by Wayback Machine . Les Nouvelles d'Addis . Versailles Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ Somaliland Trade Liaison Office, Pretoria. Visit of Somaliland's UCID Foreign affairs spokesperson to south Africa . Qaran News (May 1, 2010). Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ Somaliland Diplomatic Mission in Sweden Archived May 10, 2009 on the Wayback Machine . Somaliland Embassy in Sweden.
- ↑ Ethiopia's New Representative to Somaliland . Qarannews (October 30, 2009). Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ Section II: Somaliland Archived December 10, 2010. . International Council on Security and Development. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ SOMALIA: Ethiopia opens consulate in Puntland . Horseedmedia.net (May 29, 2010). Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ We urgently need an Embassy in Somalia . Newvision.co.ug (June 5, 2007). Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived September 10, 2012.
- ↑ Somaliland: Yemen To Open Diplomatic Office in Somaliland . Aden Press (February 19, 2010). Retrieved 2010-05-25.
- ↑ Yemen and Puntland to further cooperation . Garoweonline.com (October 12, 2010). Date of treatment May 29, 2012. Archived March 28, 2012.
- ↑ Somaliland's Quest for International Recognition and the HBM-SSC Factor Archived on May 28, 2012.
- ↑ NPR.org . NPR.org (May 27, 2009). Date of treatment May 29, 2012.
- ↑ UAE accepts Somaliland passport (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 4, 2016. Archived March 4, 2016.