Matvey Petrovich Bronstein ( 1906 - 1938 ) - Soviet theoretical physicist . Doctor of physico-mathematical sciences, professor.
| Matvey Petrovich Bronstein | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | November 19 ( December 2 ) 1906 |
| Place of Birth | Vinnitsa , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | February 18, 1938 (31 years old) |
| Place of death | Leningrad |
| A country |  Russian Empire ,  the USSR |
| Scientific field | theoretical physics |
| Place of work | LPTI , LPI , LSU |
| Alma mater | Leningrad State University |
| Academic degree | |
| Famous students | V. B. Berestetskiy , A. B. Migdal |
| Known as | work in astrophysics, theory of gravity , cosmology ; Hopf-Bronstein ratio |
Content
Biography
Born on November 19 ( December 2 ), 1906 in Vinnitsa in a family of doctors.
In 1930 he graduated from the Physics Department of Leningrad University and on May 1, 1930 was admitted to the Physicotechnical Institute. A.F. Ioffe RAS . He also held the post of assistant professor at the Polytechnic Institute and in 1930 replaced Professor Frenkel , seconded to the United States, giving a course in quantum mechanics. As a student, he published several works on theoretical physics, one of which, containing a solution to the Schwarzschild problem on the surface temperature of stars, was published in 1929 in the German Zeitsch. fur Phusik [1] ( Hopf – Bronstein ratio ).
In the fall of 1935, he defended his thesis for the degree of Doctor of Physics and Mathematics: Quantization of Gravitational Waves // Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. - 1936. - T. 6. - S. 195—236. He worked in the field of quantum theory, astrophysics, theory of semiconductors, cosmology and theory of quantum gravity.
Professor of LPI and LSU . Author of the popular science books The Structure of Matter, Atoms, Electrons, and Nuclei (1935, ONTI; reprinted in 1980), science fiction books Solar Material, X-rays, Radio Inventors (1936, Detizdat ; reprinted in 1990).
Bronstein's contribution to the creation of the quantum theory of gravity and the popularization of science was highly appreciated by physicists and writers [2] .
Arrest and execution
On the night of August 1, 1937, the NKVD officers came with a warrant for his arrest in the Leningrad apartment. Arrested on August 6, 1937 in Kiev , in the house of parents, and transported to Leningrad. Included in the shooting list "Leningrad Region" of February 3, 1938, approved by the signatures of Stalin , Voroshilov , Molotov , Kaganovich [3] [4] .
On February 18, 1938, he was sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR under the chairmanship of Matulevich to execution byArticle 58 paragraphs 8.11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR . Shot on the same day, a few minutes after the announcement of the verdict. All appeals of K.I. Chukovsky, as well as Landau, Marshak personally to Stalin remained without reaction. Presumably buried in the Levashovskaya wasteland , where L. Chukovskaya erected a monument in the 1990s. Rehabilitated posthumously by the definition of No. 44-028 603/56 of the Military College of the Supreme Court of the USSR of May 9, 1957 [5] .
On February 19, 2017, in St. Petersburg, on the facade of house 11 on Zagorodny Prospekt , the last address memorial sign was installed by Matvey Petrovich Bronstein [6] .
Family
Bronstein was married to Lydia Chukovskaya . She was announced that her husband’s sentence was “ ten years without the right of correspondence .” Only at the end of 1939 she learned that her husband was not alive. In 1940, she met with the head of the Office of the NKVD of the USSR for the Leningrad Region Goglidze , and he confirmed that her husband was shot [7] [8] .
Notes
- ↑ Background ... in the biographies of scientists // History of the Soviet atomic project. Issue 1. - M .: Janus-K, 1998. - ISBN 5-8037-0006-1. - S. 20-21.
- ↑ Physicists about M.P. Bronstein .
- ↑ One page from the shooting lists of 1937-1938. (AP of the Russian Federation, op.24, case 414, sheet 335)
- ↑ AP AP, op.24, case 414, sheet 333
- ↑ Memory page on the site of victims of repression / Bronstein M.P.
- ↑ St. Petersburg, Zagorodny Prospekt, 11 // Website “Last Address”.
- ↑ L.K. Chukovskaya. Dash (An Incomplete Autobiographical Tale 1980-1996, published in 2001)
- ↑ L.K. Chukovskaya “Autobiography” (Written for the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, where L.K. Chukovskaya was elected in 1986)
Literature
- The life and fate of Matvey Bronstein and Lydia Chukovskaya. Collection of documents and memoirs // M.P. Bronstein. Solar matter and other tales / Comp. G. Gorelik. - M .: Publishing house AST: CORPUS, 2017 .-- ISBN: 978-5-17-982922-5.
- Gorelik G.E. , Frenkel V. Ya. Matvey Petrovich Bronstein: 1906-1938. - M .: Nauka, 1990 .-- 271 p. - ISBN 5-02-000670-X . - (Biographical series)
- Gorelik G.E. Matvey Bronstein and quantum gravity. To the 70th anniversary of the unsolved problem // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk . - T. 175. - No. 10. - 2005. - S. 1093-1108