Transcribing your own names from Norwegian to Russian often causes difficulties. This is primarily due to the existence of two forms of modern Norwegian language: bokmal and Nynorsk (phonetically more correctly nynoshk ). When interpreting a translator, it is recommended to use forms and spelling of a booklet, although Nynorsk is used when writing many geographic names.
Content
Writing a suffixed article
Another difficulty with the practical transcription of Norwegian names into Russian is the presence of a suffixed article. In the singular, it has the forms -en or -n for the masculine, -et or -t for the neuter, -a for the feminine. In the plural - -ene or -a .
Suffed article should be saved in the following cases:
- if the geographical name is a simple (not complex) word;
- if the geographical name is a compound word, the second component of which is a plural form;
- if the geographical name is a compound word, the second component of which is not a nomenclature term, but any other nominal name.
At the same time, the suffixed article is discarded if the name is a complex word, the second component of which is the nomenclature term, regardless of whether it retains its real meaning or has lost it.
Examples of nomenclature terms: hav (sea, sometimes ocean), vik (bay), øy (island), elv (river), by (city), bygd (village), gård (yard), etc. For example, Skälderviken ' - Sheldervik ( en vik - Bay). But Trolhättan - Trollhättan (city): the suffixed article is preserved, since the second part is not a numbered term ( hätta - hood).
In addition to the suffixed definite article, the Norwegian language has a free definite article: den in the singular of the common and masculine genus, in the plural de , in the middle gender det . There is also a free indefinite article: en (common and masculine), ei (feminine), et (neuter). These articles are transmitted only if the name or name cannot be used without them, otherwise the article is not transmitted.
Table
The ending -s of the genitive case is not transmitted ( Ibsens → Ibsen).
| Letter / letter combination | Note | Broadcast | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | but | Amundsen → Amundsen | |
| aa | (obsolete spelling, now å ) | about | Istgaard → Istgor |
| au | at the beginning of words | eu | Aursand → Eursand |
| after consonants | yo | Rauma → Ryauma | |
| b | b | ||
| c | before e , i , y , æ , ø | with | Cederblad → Cederblad |
| in the remaining positions | to | Conrad → Conrad | |
| ch | predominantly | sh | |
| in some names and surnames | to | Christian → Christian | |
| d | d | Dedekam → Dedekam | |
| after vowels and r (if not read, see rd below) | not passed | ||
| e | at the beginning of words, after vowels (except i ) and at the beginning of the second part of a compound word | uh | Eskeland → Eskeland , Nesbyen Nesbyen , Hareid Haraid |
| after consonants and i | e | Dedekam → Dedekam, Liene → Liene | |
| ei | at the beginning of words and roots | Hey | Eid → Eid , Nordfjordeid → Nurfjordaid |
| in other cases | her | Leirvik → Leirvik , Beiarn → Beyarn | |
| f | f | ||
| g | predominantly | g | |
| before shock i , y , ei and in some words after e and between ø and n | th | Egner → Einer, Gibostad → Yibostad , Geiteryggen → Euteruggen, Evjegjerdet → Evieret | |
| in suffixes -ig , -lig , and also before j at the beginning of a word | not passed | Gjærder → Yderder , Gjøvik → Gjøvik , Gjesvær → Esver | |
| h | x | Hans → Hans | |
| before j , v also after the vowel before the consonant | not passed | Hjort → Yort, Hvarnes → Warnes, Holtedahlfonna → Holtedalfonna | |
| i | like syllable vowel | and | Ingstad → Ingstad |
| between vowel and consonant | th | Eikeland → Eikeland | |
| ie | s / n depending on pronunciation | Skien → Skien , Lierne → Lierne , Aulie → Eulieu , also Meieribyen → Meyeribuen ; exception: Lie → Lee | |
| j | th | ||
| ja | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | I | Jan → Jan |
| after consonant | nth , at the junction of parts of the compound ya | Fitjar → Fityar | |
| je, jæ | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | e | Jenssen → Jenssen, Jevnaker → Yevnaker |
| after consonant | burr , at the junction of parts of the compound | Bjerke bjerke | |
| ji | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | yi | Jierta → Yierta |
| after consonant | yi , at the junction of parts of the compound word yi | ||
| jo | after consonant if pronounced [jo] | yo , at the junction of parts of the compound word yo | Fridtjof → Fritjof |
| after consonant if pronounced [ju] | yu , at the junction of parts of the compound yyu | Storjord → Sturjur | |
| in other positions, if pronounced [jo] | yo | Johnsen → Johnsen | |
| in other positions, if pronounced [ju] | Yu | Jonas → Yunas | |
| ju | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | Yu | Juster → Euster |
| after consonant | yu , at the junction of parts of the compound yyu | Evju → Evue | |
| jy | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | yu | Jyskevik → Yuskevik |
| in the remaining positions | yu , at the junction of parts of the compound yu | ||
| jø | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | yeo | Jøvik → Gjovik |
| in the remaining positions | ё , at the junction of parts of the compound word ye | Bjørlykke → Bjørlyukke | |
| k | to | Koht kut | |
| i , y , e , oy ( usually at the beginning of a word or syllable ) | x | Kielland → Kjellland , Kyrksæterøra → Hürkseterör , Kirkenær → Heerköner, Koyvingen → Heuvingen exception: Kirkenes → Kirkenes | |
| kj | hh | Kjær → Hyer , Sørkjosen → Surhusen | |
| l | before the vowel; after a, o (before consonant and at the end of a word) | l | Björlykke → Björlyukke, Sogndalsfjøra → Sogndalsfiera , Meldal → Meldal |
| before the consonant and at the end of the word in other cases (including after and, e / e, u, y, e, b); also at the end of the compound name | eh | Elster → Elster , Trysil → Trysil , Fjell → Fjell , Gol → Gul , Trysilelva → Trysilelv | |
| at the beginning of the word before j | not passed | Ljan → Jan, Ljøterud → Yoterud, but: Seljord → Seliur | |
| ld | depending on pronunciation | l (d) d | Volda → Volda , Molde → Molde , Halden → Halden |
| hl | Olderdalen → Ollerdalen , Tjeldsund → Kjellsund, Tjeldstø → Kjellsteu , Sørfold → Surfolle | ||
| m | m | ||
| n | n | ||
| nd | within the same stem, especially at the end of the word | nn | Inderøy → Inneroy , Nordland → Nordland , Sandane → Sannane (<Sann-ane) |
| on the border between parts of a compound word | ND | Sogndal → Sogndal | |
| in some exceptions | ND | Stranda → Stranda , Trøndelag → Tröndelag, Sunndal → Sunndal | |
| ndn | nn | Sandnessjøen → Sandnessjoen | |
| o | if you pronounce [o] | about | Lindendcrona → Lindenkrona |
| if you pronounce [u] | at | Karlskoga → Karlskoga | |
| p | P | ||
| qu, qv | square | Berquist / Berqvist Berquist | |
| r | R | ||
| rd | usually at the end of words and syllables | R | Ålgård → Olgor , Oppegård → Opplegor, Nordli → Nurli, Nordreisa → Nurreisa, Seljord → Seljur, Stord → Stur, Gjerdrum → Errum |
| usually in the middle of the base; on the border between parts of a compound word | rd | Førde → Forde , Hordaland → Hordaland, Fjerdingby → Fierdingby, Bardu → Barda ( name ), Gardermoen → Gardermoen, Øygarden → Eigarden; Vardø → Vardø | |
| at the root - fjord → fjord (separately and as part of compound words) | rd | Batnfjordsøra → Batnfjordsør ; except Sogn og Fjordane → Sogn og Fjordane | |
| rs | w , in geo-names - pc | Norsk → Nosh; Ørsta → Orsta | |
| s | with | ||
| sch | ck | Schou → Schou | |
| sj skj | sh | Skjervøy → Shervoi , Lesja → Lesha, Mosjøen → Mosjoen, but Karasjok → Karasjok ( boundary of foundations, Finnish word ) | |
| sjon | shun | Nasjonen → Nashunen | |
| sk | before shock ei , i , y and sometimes before øy , e | sh | Skien → Skien , Askim → Ashim , Skedsmo (<Sk ei ds-mo) → Shedsma, Skei → Shea ; but on the border of the foundations: Askøy → Askoy |
| in the remaining positions | ck | Skouen → Scowen | |
| t | t | ||
| tj | hh | Tjølling → Hölling, Tjeldstø → Hjölstö | |
| on the border of parts of a compound word | th / ty | Fitjar → Fityar | |
| u | at | Skouen → Scowen | |
| v, w | at | ||
| x | cc | ||
| y | at the beginning of the word | and | Yrke fjord → Irkefjord, Ydsteb ø havn → Idsteböhavn |
| after vowels (composed of diphthongs) | th | Røykenvik → Ryukenvik, Valderøya → Valderoya | |
| in the remaining positions | Yu | Nyby → Nyby | |
| z | with | ||
| æ | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | uh | Ænes → Enes |
| in the remaining positions | e | Lærdal → Lerdal | |
| ø | at the beginning of the word and after the vowel | uh | Ørje → Eier |
| in the remaining positions | yo | Sørum → Surum | |
| å | o | Istgård → Eastgård |
See also
- Danish-Russian practical transcription
- Icelandic-Russian practical transcription
- Faroese-Russian practical transcription
- Swedish-Russian practical transcription
Notes
References Used
- Ermolovich DI “Proper names at the junction of languages and cultures. Borrowing and transfer of proper names from the point of view of linguistics and translation theory. With the application of the rules of practical transcription of names from 23 foreign languages, including the syllable correspondences for Chinese and Japanese. ” Page 159-161. M .: R.Valent, 2001. ISBN 5-93439-046-5 .
- Gilyarevsky R. S., Starostin B. A. “Foreign names and titles in the Russian text”. Pp.177-184. M .: "High School", 1985
- Instructions for the Russian transfer of geographical names of Norway / Comp. V.S. Shirokova ; Ed. V.P. Berkov . - M. , 1974. - 54 p. - 500 copies
- Golubeva, ZD, “The transfer of the suffixed article in Norwegian and Swedish names”. Page 192. M., 1964