The Academician V. I. Kuznetsov Research Institute of Applied Mechanics is a Soviet and Russian enterprise conducting research in the field of gyroscopic instruments and inertial navigation for rocket and space, aviation, shipbuilding and other types of equipment [1] .
| NII PM them. Academician V.I. Kuznetsov | |
|---|---|
| Former names | NII-944 |
| Year of foundation | 1955 |
| Director | Fadeev A.S. |
| Location |  Russia , Moscowst. Aviamotornaya, 55 |
| Awards |  |
During the period of its activity (1955-2005), the Institute carried out a large number of government orders, both in the field of defense rocket and space technology, and for the peaceful development of outer space. Gyroscopic systems were created to support the flights of the first Earth satellite, the first cosmonaut Yu. Gagarin and for all subsequent manned spacecraft, space stations, including international ones (Cosmos, Soyuz, Salute, Meteor, Lightning, Mir, ISS, etc. ) [2] .
Since 2006 - a branch of FSUE TsENKI .
History
In 1946, department No. 2 was created to develop gyroscopic command instruments for ballistic missiles at NII-10 . In 1947, it was headed by V.I. Kuznetsov , an associate of S.P. Korolev , a member of the informal Council of Chief Designers in Rocket and Space Technology. In 1953, the department was transformed into a special design bureau (SKB NII-10), on the basis of which in September 1955 the Scientific Research Institute of Gyroscopic Stabilization ( NII-944 ) was created as part of the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry [3] . V. I. Kuznetsov was appointed the chief designer of the research institute [4] .
The Institute’s team has developed gyroscopic devices for R-7 and R-7A missiles : I55-1 gyroverticent, I11-1A-3 gyrohorizont, I12-6-3, I12-7-3 speed controller sensors. In 1957, the R-7 rocket launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite [3] .
In 1960, the R-12 medium-range missile, which was equipped with the fully-developed inertial control system developed by the NII-944, took up combat duty. These technical solutions formed the basis of gyroscopes for the R-9 intercontinental ballistic missile [3] .
In July 1960, "for the creation and development of the production of high-precision devices," the institute was awarded the Order of Lenin, and in June 1961, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor "for the successful completion of government tasks to create special equipment" [3] .
In 1963, the R-16U rocket was put into operation. To ensure the necessary accuracy with a range of 10 thousand km without the use of radio correction and with a minimum availability time, a fundamentally new gyro device was created - the gyrostabilized platform KI21-9. Based on these technical solutions, the institute developed elements of the R-36 rocket control system, the accuracy characteristics of which were approximately 2 times higher than the devices for the R-16, as well as the gyro platform for the UR-100 rocket with a gyro block and a gyro integrator on a float suspension [ 3] .
Since 1965 - Research Institute of Applied Mechanics ( NII PM ) as part of the Ministry of General Engineering [5] . For a long time (until 1991), the enterprise was the parent enterprise of the USSR Ministry of General Engineering for research and development of gyroscopic equipment for RCT. The NII PM at different times included branches in the city of Miass and in the city of Ostashkov, which later became independent enterprises in the industry. NII PM had an impact on the development and formation of other major enterprises of the industry in the cities of Saratov, Omsk, Tomsk, Berdsk, Leningrad [2] .
In 1992, the institute was named after its founder, academician V.I. Kuznetsov.
Notes
- ↑ Research Institute of PM them. Academician V.I. Kuznetsov: The main directions of activity // TsENKI
- ↑ 1 2 Alexander Mezentsev. High-precision gyroscopes for space and aviation are created at the Scientific Research Institute of Applied Mechanics named after Academician V. Kuznetsov. Herald of Aviation and Cosmonautics, 2004, No. 03, p. 34
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 September 15, 1955 // IOF “Aviation and Space Fund”
- ↑ Kuznetsov Viktor Ivanovich // GSKB Almaz-Antey
- ↑ History of reorganizations // TsENKI