Housing and communal services

In apartment buildings, housing and communal services are provided by partnerships of homeowners (housing and construction cooperatives) or management companies, with direct management, it is possible to provide housing services by the residents themselves ^[1] . It should be noted that the objects of housing and communal use should be understood as objects of external improvement of the territory of cities and settlements in the form of green spaces, urban roads and elements of their improvement, pedestrian and bicycle paths, objects of engineering protection of the territory, street lighting, sanitary cleaning objects, and also equipped sites, parking lots, plots, devices and structures located on the territory of the house.

In the process of maintaining and restoring the proper technical and sanitary-hygienic condition of buildings, structures, equipment, communications and utilities, the actual contractor is engaged in their operation. Currently, there are winter (autumn-winter) and summer (spring-summer) periods of operation. In accordance with these periods of operation, the operating organizations carry out routine maintenance regarding inspection of buildings and their operational control in the field of elements of buildings and structures.

The structure of utility bills and housing is described in Article 154 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation ^[2] .

In accordance with the periods of operation, the organization in charge of the buildings and structures identifies faulty and damaged elements of buildings and structures. These are the elements that cannot meet the relevant operational requirements. In turn, the operational performance of a building is a combination of technical, space-planning, sanitary-hygienic, economic and aesthetic characteristics of a building, which determine its operational qualities.

Further, the enterprise that is engaged in the operation of buildings is obliged to take into account physical depreciation, which is determined in accordance with GOST R 51929-2002 and is included in the form of an indicator that characterizes the change in the technical condition of the building compared to the initial state as a result of the influence of natural and climatic factors of human activity. At the same time, in some cases, the moral deterioration of the building can be taken into account, which characterizes the degree of non-compliance of the main parameters that determine the living conditions, the volume and quality of the services provided to modern requirements.

In accordance with the data obtained, as a result of spring-autumn examinations, defective statements are formed and repair of buildings is being prepared. Repair of a building is a set of operations to restore the serviceability or operability of a building and restore its resource or the resource of its components. Distinguish current repair and overhaul of the building. The current repair of a building (construction, equipment, communications, housing and communal facilities) includes repairs performed to restore the serviceability or operability of a building (construction, communications, housing and communal services), partial restoration of its resource with replacement or restoration of limited components nomenclature in the amount established by regulatory and technical documentation. Overhaul of a building (construction, equipment, communications, housing and communal facilities) - repairs performed to restore the resource of a building (construction, equipment, communications, housing and communal services) with the replacement or restoration of any components, including basic ones. Overhaul consists in the replacement and restoration of individual parts or entire structures and engineering equipment of buildings in connection with their physical deterioration and destruction. The structure of the overhaul also includes work, by nature related to the current repair, but performed in connection with the production of the overhaul. It should be noted here that there is a security-maintenance repair - it is carried out in dilapidated houses, which in the near future cannot be demolished. In accordance with the above, the enterprises involved in the operation actually carry out the maintenance of the building, and this is a set of services for maintenance, cleaning, diagnostics, testing and inspection of the building (construction, equipment, communications, housing and communal facilities) and technical supervision of its condition. At the same time, these enterprises, as part of the maintenance of the building, carry out maintenance of the residential building - a set of works to maintain the working condition of the building elements and set parameters, as well as the operating modes of its technical devices (VSN 58-88 (p)).

On the basis of all these works, the enterprise carrying out the maintenance of the building forms both the current repair of the buildings and the capital, on the basis of the corresponding defective statements. For the effective implementation of building maintenance, a full dispatch of building maintenance is required. This type of service includes a set of operations for the reception, registration, accounting of consumer applications for the provision of housing and communal services and control over their implementation. As a result of dispatching, breakdown rate and elimination of breakdown rate of buildings are revealed. In this case, this is due to a set of priority operations and measures for the immediate elimination of accidents and malfunctions, the preservation and restoration of the conditions necessary for life support and consumer safety. In addition, the service for the maintenance of residential premises includes such a service as the sanitary cleaning of the housing stock and adjoining territories, that is, maintaining and restoring the proper sanitary and hygienic condition of the housing stock and adjoining territories. This includes a service for the maintenance and care of green spaces of house territories - namely, sowing lawns, arranging flower beds, paths and sites, preparing sites for landscaping, harvesting, planting trees and shrubs, as well as caring for them in the house territories.

In this case, we have given a list of housing services as a whole. At the same time, there are also utilities. Utilities - this is the provision of cold water, hot water, wastewater, electricity, gas and heating. These types of services provide comfortable living conditions for citizens in residential premises. The composition of the utility services provided to the consumer is determined by the degree of improvement of the apartment building or apartment building, which is understood as the presence in the apartment building or apartment building of intra-house engineering systems that allow the consumer to provide the following utility services:

• cold water supply - round-the-clock supply of consumer with drinking water of the proper quality, supplied in the required volumes through the connected network to the living room or to the standpipe;
• hot water supply - round-the-clock supply of consumer with hot water of adequate quality supplied in the required volumes through the connected network to the premises;
• water disposal - removal of domestic wastewater from a residential building through an attached network;
• power supply - round-the-clock supply of consumer with electric energy of the proper quality, supplied in the required volumes through the connected network to the premises;
• gas supply - round-the-clock supply of consumer with gas of adequate quality, supplied in the required volumes through the connected network to the premises, as well as the sale of domestic gas in cylinders;

• heating - round-the-clock, during the heating period, the supply of thermal energy to the premises, ensuring the maintenance of standard air temperature in the room.

• municipal solid waste - the remains of food or commodities or industrial production, which no longer have the same properties and are unsuitable for further use.

Now there are four main ways of paying for housing and communal services ^{[3] [4]} for ordinary Russians and the fifth for residents of the capital:

1. In cash through a bank or Russian Post . ^{[5] [6]}
2. Using an ATM or payment terminal ^[7]
3. Online, using online banking or e-wallet . ^[eight]
4. On the website of public services .
5. Using the portal of urban services of the city of Moscow ^{[9] [10] [11] [12]}

In accordance with the concepts presented by us, all that we have stated above is precisely a complex of housing and communal services. In this case, these two types of different services cannot coexist separately and provide the appropriate living conditions in a particular dwelling. In accordance with this, providers of housing and communal services, as a rule, also act as their producer or intermediary. Accordingly, in this case, the contractor of all types of services and charges them in accordance with the volumes of the provision of these types of services. As a rule, developed hardware-software systems with the use of information computers are used for charging.

There are several ways to pay for utilities:

1. Payment of receipts at a bank or Russian Post ;
2. Payment through ATMs of different banks or payment terminals ;
3. You can pay for housing services on the website of the State Services ;
4. Payment via online banking or e-wallet .

• Housing and communal services - Housing and communal services

• [1] - GOST R 51929-2002: Housing and communal services. Terms and Definitions
• [2] - State standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 51929-2002 “Housing and communal services. Terms and Definitions"
• [3] - 27 little-known ways to save on utilities
• [4] - “Some articles on the topic of housing and communal services”
• Site of a specialized magazine about housing and communal services
• Website of the National Commission for State Regulation of Public Utilities, Ukraine
• Utility Payments in Italy
• - Redemption of apartments with debts for housing and communal services urgently
• Information about the houses and management companies of housing and communal services and condominiums in Russia