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Orthodox-Catholic dialogue

Bishop Leon Gauthier and Bishop Jacob of Melitino (Kukuzis) , 1955

Orthodox-Old Catholic dialogue is a theological dialogue between representatives of Orthodox churches and old Catholic churches . The objectives of the dialogue were to achieve unity in the doctrine and subsequent entry into Eucharistic communion [1] .

The emergence of the old Catholic movement in 1871 aroused interest in the Russian Orthodox Church . In 1872, the St. Petersburg department of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education was organized, whose members corresponded with old Catholics and represented the Russian Orthodox Church at old Catholic conferences. However, after 1875, contacts were interrupted for 15 years.

In December 1892, the St. Petersburg Commission was formed to conduct a theological dialogue with the Old Catholics, in response to which the Rotterdam Commission was established in August 1894. The commissions communicated by sending official letters to each other. It was not possible to reach agreement on all issues. The outbreak of World War I interrupted the dialogue.

In the 1920s, the Orthodox-old Catholic contacts resumed, but now the leading role was played by the Orthodox Church of Constantinople , and the Moscow Patriarchate , on the contrary, was deprived of the opportunity to participate in them until the mid-1940s.

In 1966, the first plenary meeting of the Inter-Orthodox Theological Commission for a Dialogue with Old Catholics took place, which proceeded to outline the existing similarities and differences between the Orthodox and Old Catholic Churches, and in August 1975 a Mixed Theological Commission on the Orthodox-Old Catholic Dialogue was formed. This commission held 7 plenary meetings, the last of which took place in October 1987. It was not possible to achieve the set goals [2] .

First contacts (1871-1875)

One of the most important tasks set by the old Catholic churches is to unite with the Western churches, separated from the Roman Catholic Church, and with the Eastern Orthodox. In order to accomplish this task, representatives of Old Catholicism from the very beginning established, among others, contacts with representatives of the Utrecht , Anglican , Orthodox churches [3] .

On September 22-24, 1871, the Munich Old Catholic Congress was held, at which, as a representative of the Orthodox church community, Ivan Osinin, professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, was present. Osinin not only tried to give comprehensive answers to numerous questions of members of Congress, but also made a speech. For the first time, a Russian Orthodox theologian spoke at a meeting of German scholars. Although the speaker himself regretted that the opinion of Russian β€œtheological scholarship is so unenviable that the simplest word spoken intelligently is surprising” [4] . The Munich Congress announced the aspiration of the old Catholic movement for unity with the Orthodox Church: β€œWe express hope for reunification with the Greek East and Russian Church, the break with which occurred without sufficient reasons and has no basis in any irreparable dogmatic differences” [5] . Upon his return, Ivan Osinin provided a full report on what was happening at the congress, printing it in the 11th issue of Christian Reading for 1871 [6] .

During the days of the Munich Congress, Fedor Tyutchev wrote to I. S. Aksakov : β€œA whole cosmos of ideas arises here ... the opportunity to begin peaceful spiritual cooperation with Germany ... A peacemaking principle is born that defines the true calling of Russia” [7] .

On December 11, 1871, members of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education living in St. Petersburg , Rector of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy Archpriest John Yanyshev and corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences Alexander Gilferding applied to the Moscow Council of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education to create a department of the Society in St. Petersburg Petersburg. The opening of the St. Petersburg department took place on March 26, 1872. Among the tasks of society was "to maintain relations with the champions of the Orthodox Truth abroad, providing them with moral support" [5] .

Immediately after its establishment, the Society developed a vigorous activity related to the old Catholic movement. In fact, it monopolized all contacts with representatives of Old Catholicism [5] , paving the way for official negotiations [8] .

On May 12, 1872, one of the old Catholic committees asked the secretary of the St. Petersburg department of the Society to indicate under what conditions the old Catholics could reunite with the Eastern Church. The response message said [8] :

In order for the autocephalous, independent Church, not connected to our Church, to be restored in the West, it is necessary that between this Church and ours there is a perfect identity in dogma. Our church cannot make any concessions in this regard. She cannot agree to be added to this teaching. The Orthodox Church never prescribed to the individual Churches that make up it, uniformity in rites; she always respected and respects local traditions and customs that are not in conflict with the teachings of the Ecumenical Church, and requires uniformity only in those rituals that, relating to the Sacraments, concern their very being. As for church governance, the Orthodox Church has always and everywhere allowed autonomy of the Local Churches, so far as this autonomy would not be in conflict with the main church organization.

For their part, the old Catholics sent an invitation to the congress, which was to be held in Cologne . In response to an invitation from the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education, the following were sent to Cologne: Protopresbyter John Yanyshev, General Alexander Kireev and Priest of the Orthodox Church in Wiesbaden Arseny Tachalov [6] .

At this congress, which took place on September 20-22, 1872 [9] , the old Catholics regarding reunification with Orthodoxy said: β€œUnity is not uniform ... those who want to reunite their confessions must abandon the desire to impose their national characteristics on another nation ... a confession can be achieved only on the basis of the Holy Scriptures and the universal confession of the ancient church, set forth in the teachings of the undivided church of the first centuries ” [6] .

The Cologne Congress established a commission led by Ignaz von DΓΆllinger , whose duties included entering into negotiations with the Orthodox Church, as well as Protestant societies on the issue of unity [6] .

Archpriest Joseph Vasiliev , General Alexander Kireev and priest Arseniy Tachalov were present from Russia at the Third Old Catholic Congress, held in Constanta in 1873 , from Russia [6] .

On January 19, 1874, on behalf of the council of the St. Petersburg department of the Society, General Alexander Kireev sent a letter addressed to the old Catholic professor Joseph Langen , in which he confirmed the principles of reunification adopted by the Cologne Congress. A list of β€œDogmatic and main ritual differences that distinguish the Western church from the Eastern Orthodox” was attached to the letter to determine the degree of Orthodox Christianity of the old Catholics. The list indicated six dogmatic (about the Church and its Head; about the Holy Spirit; About the Blessed Virgin Mary; about good deeds; about sins; about the afterlife) and seven ritual-canonical (about the symbol of faith; about the sacrament of baptism; about the sacrament of anointing; the sacrament of the Eucharist; the sacrament of repentance; the sacrament of marriage; the sacrament of bare sanctification) of the β€œdifferences” between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Catholic) churches [6] .

On February 26, 1874, at a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education, an answer was read out, written by Professor Langen, who noted that the teachings of the Western Church are not fully expressed in the scheme, he also asked the Orthodox side to make a more strict distinction between concepts of dogma and private (optional) opinion . In turn, Langen sent notes to the scheme of dogmatic and ritual-canonical differences, in which he corrected some of the provisions, which, in his opinion, turned out to be inaccurate, and spoke out from the standpoint of old Catholicism on every single point [6] .

In September 1874, the fourth Old Catholic Congress was held in Freiburg , in which the Russian Church was attended by the same people as the third Old Catholic Congress, as well as the delegate from the Moscow department of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education Fyodor Sukhotin . The idea of ​​reunification at the congress was expressed by many speakers [6] .

The St. Petersburg department of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education had a serious influence on the convening of interfaith Bonn conferences, convincing the old Catholic leaders of the need for convening an interfaith conference [5] .

September 13–16, 1874, the first Bonn conference was held, in which members of the St. Petersburg Department of the All-Russian Social Democratic Party took part - Archpriest John Yanyshev, Archpriest Arseny Tachalov, as well as Alexander Kireev and Mikhail Sukhotin . Fifteen issues were discussed concerning Scripture and Holy Tradition, Filioque , the doctrine of justification, the doctrine of the sacraments, the confession, the Eucharistic sacrifice, the Catholic dogma of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary, prayer for the departed, invocation of saints and the canonicity of the Anglican hierarchy [5] .

On August 11–16, 1875, the second Bonn conference was held, in which Archpriest John Yanyshev, Archpriest Arseny Tachalov, Mikhail Sukhotin, Ivan Osinin, Tertiy Filippov , Fyodor Turner took part from the Russian Orthodox Church. In addition, Anglican theologians attended the conference [6] . The conference discussed the issue of filioque . Old Catholics recognized this insertion in the Creed as illegal, but did not want to abandon the teaching contained in it. As a result, after lengthy discussions, six points were adopted, taken from the writings of John of Damascus [5] .

No further interfaith conferences were proposed, and the emerging informal dialogue between representatives of Orthodoxy and Old Catholicism virtually ceased for several reasons. The old Catholic professor, Ignaz von DΓΆllinger, explained the conclusion of the dialogue by agitation, which was conducted against the unification of the old Catholics with the Orthodox by Dr. Josef Overbeck . But, in the opinion of Deacon Daniil Toropov, the main reason that led to a temporary suspension of communication was the sympathy of the old Catholics for the Anglican Church, introducing fundamental contradictions between the old Catholics and the Orthodox [5] . In addition, drawing closer to the Anglicans, the Old Catholics no longer felt isolated from other Christian societies. Protopresbyter John Yanishev wrote about relations with the Old Catholics: β€œWe Russians are completely alien and distant people to them. They do not offer us anything and do not expect or ask anything from us ” [6] . According to Peter Ben Smith, a professor at Utrech University , β€œfrom the point of view of old Catholics, the ecumenical dialogue with the Orthodox has always been part of the ecumenical triangle, along with the dialogue with the Anglicans ” [10] .

Dialogue within the framework of the St. Petersburg and Rotterdam Commissions (1892-1918)

Negotiations with the old Catholics were not conducted for 15 years. During this time, the old-Catholic issue in Russia managed to be forgotten. Old Catholics began to internalize and consolidate their disparate communities into a single church. The unification ended with the adoption of the Utrecht Declaration in 1889 , the text of which, together with the catechism of the Christian Catholic (Old Catholic) Church of Switzerland, was sent to Protopresbyter John Yanishev. After reviewing the Utrecht Declaration and Catechism, he stated that β€œin theory, the Eastern and Old Catholic Churches really already agree with each other” and that his β€œalways lively sympathy for the old Catholic movement became even more alive and deeper after reading the published definitions” [6] .

At the II Old Catholic Congress in 1892 in Lucerne , a proposal was adopted to establish official relations with the churches of the East, including the Russian Orthodox Church [3] .

On December 15, 1892, by decree of the Holy Synod , a commission was formed in St. Petersburg to clarify the conditions and requirements that could form the basis of negotiations with the old Catholics [3] . The chairman of the commission was Archbishop of Finland Anthony ; It included prominent professors of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy: Ivan Troitsky , Vasily Bolotov , Alexander Katansky , Protopresbyter John Yanyshev. By the end of May 1893, the commission completed its consideration of the questions posed to it and sent a report to the Holy Synod [8] , which listed the dogmatic and canonical differences of the old Catholic Church, as well as which of these differences can and which cannot serve as an obstacle to the adoption of old Catholics into the canonical fellowship with the Orthodox Church [3] .

The conclusion of the St. Petersburg Commission was transmitted to the Archbishop of Utrecht, , in 1894, who proposed its judgments to the conference of the old Catholic bishops held in Rotterdam on August 27, 1894 as part of the III Old Catholic Congress. The conference established the so-called Rotterdam Commission of Dutch, Swiss and German Old Catholic theologians, chaired by Bishop to respond to the conclusion of the St. Petersburg Commission. After the death of Rainkens in January 1896, the Rotterdam Commission was led by Bishop [8] .

The conclusion of the Rotterdam Commission, approved by the Bonn conference on August 4, 1896, went to Russia, and by August 8, 1897, the β€œSt. Petersburg Commission” replied to the β€œopinion of Rotterdam” signed by the Archbishop of Finland Anthony [3] . The response of the Rotterdam Commission regarding the filioque in St. Petersburg was considered incomplete: β€œThe Rotterdam Commission did not say its opinion on the essential point of the teachings of the Orthodox Church about the Holy Trinity.” Old Catholics were again asked to confirm the Orthodox wording of the doctrine of the origin of the Holy Spirit. The Orthodox Commission at the same time noted that the theological opinion of the Son of God as the Cause or Cause of the Holy Spirit "should be avoided, because it does not serve to clarify the dogma of the Holy Trinity." On the question of the Eucharist, St. Petersburg suggested that the old Catholic side agree with 4 points that formulate the Orthodox point of view on this issue. The Utrecht hierarchy was said to be β€œcanonically wrong, and the hierarchy that came from it is old Catholic” [6] . The responses conclude with the following conclusion: β€œSince the Rotterdam commission stated that the old Catholics dogmatically or fundamentally have nothing to say against the wishes of the Russian commission, we can now only express wishes that this statement be actually implemented as soon as possible” [3] .

Despite the negotiations of the two commissions favorable for rapprochement between the old Catholics and the Russian church, β€œprotestant friends of the old Catholics” (expression of Archpriest Mikhail Gorchakov ), such as Professor and others, at the Fourth International Congress, which was held from August 31 to September 3 1897 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π’Π΅Π½Π΅ [11] , высказывали ΠΌΡ‹ΡΠ»ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π½Π° «базисС христианской любви» с сохранСниСм Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ Π² вСроисповСданиях [3] .

19 ноября 1898 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° РоттСрдамская комиссия Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³ ΠΏΠΈΡΡŒΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π°ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ своё ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ возмоТности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ учСния ΠΎΠ± исхоТдСнии Бвятого Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π° ΠΎΡ‚ Π‘Ρ‹Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ частного мнСния, ΡΡΡ‹Π»Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ этого ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ†Ρ‹ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 1054 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π€ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΠΏΠΎ мнСнию старокатоликов, Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ прСпятствиСм ΠΊ Β«Π²ΠΎΡΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ взаимообщСния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡŽ ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΡŽ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽΒ», Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π½Π΅ Filioque Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π° ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠ° Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ» Π²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΒ». Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π° Β« прСсущСствлСниС Β»: Β«Π‘ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ востока ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ соСдинСны, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° слово β€žΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅β€œ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ сущСствовало. Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны нСсомнСнно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² богослуТСбных ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ… русской Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ это слово Π½Π΅ находится… ясно, стало Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ слово β€žΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅β€œ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹, навязано Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ½ Π½ΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»Β». Π’ вопросС ΠΎ каноничности утрСхтской ΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΈ старокатолики Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ своём ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ [6] .

Как ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π² русских богословских обозрСниях, старокатоличСство ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° XIX β€” Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ достаточно ясной систСмы вСроучСния, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ особСнно ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½Π° содСрТании статСй, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² старокатоличСских ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ…. Π’ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ элСмСнты, присущиС римско-католичСской Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ особСнности, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для протСстантизма [8] . По этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ комиссия свой ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ послала лишь послС Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ участники ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° старокатоличСских конгрСссов ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ старокатоликов ΠΊ православному пониманию вопроса ΠΎΠ± исхоТдСнии Бвятого Π”ΡƒΡ…Π° [6] .

Π’ этот ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ срСди русских богословов разгорСлся спор, ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‚Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ со старокатоликами. ΠžΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π΄Π²Π΅ Β«ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈΒ», ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΊ объСдинСнию со старокатоликами ΠΈ считала Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ объСдинСниС Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ. Π•Ρ‘ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ прСдставитСлСм Π±Ρ‹Π» А. А. ΠšΠΈΡ€Π΅Π΅Π² . Вторая партия ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ всяких компромиссов со старокатоликами; ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ профСссор А. Π€. ГусСв (Казань), ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉ А. П. ΠœΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π΅Π² (Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π»ΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ профСссор Π’. А. ΠšΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Казань) [12] .

Π’ 1902 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π‘Π²ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΡŽ (Бтрагородскому) Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡΡ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ старокатоликам ΠΎΡ‚ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π° ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ. Епископ Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌ Β«Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ВСстникС» Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ: Β«Π§Ρ‚ΠΎ раздСляСт нас со старокатоликами?Β» (1902) ΠΈ «К вопросу ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ раздСляСт нас со старокатоликами» (1903), Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° богословскиС расхоТдСния ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ православными ΠΈ старокатоликами. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ приняты старокатоликами ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ всСй ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Русской Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ. НСкоторыС прСдставитСли старокатоличСства, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, профСссор , ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Спископа БСргия, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ согласилось с Π½ΠΈΠΌ. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ А. А. ΠšΠΈΡ€Π΅Π΅Π²Π° ΠΈ профСссора-протоиСрСя Павла Π‘Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠΌΡΠ³Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Спископом Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ расхоТдСния Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ успСха [13] .

Π’ 1907 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ комиссия послала РоттСрдамской комиссии ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ письмо, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ посвящённоС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅. ΠžΡ‚ старокатоликов Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ принятиС тСзисов, Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ вопросу. 9 ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π° 1908 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π» послан ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ старокатоличСская комиссия высказала Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ вопрос ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅ поднимаСтся вновь. Как ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅, старокатолики настаивали Π½Π° своём ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ частного богословского мнСния [6] . ПослС этого ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ мнСниями ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ русскими богословами ΠΈ старокатоликами прСкратился, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, комиссии Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ распущСны [8] .

15 фСвраля 1910 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Спископа Ямбургского Π€Π΅ΠΎΡ„Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ богословы Русской православной Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ для обсуТдСния ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° письмо РоттСрдамской комиссии. Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, Π·Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Н. Н. ЛабиТинским ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ комиссии, Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π», ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, послан Π² Π ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΄Π°ΠΌ [8] .

Π’ 1913 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π° ДСвятом старокатоличСском конгрСссС Π² ΠšΡ‘Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΅ΠΌ Π”ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π―ΠΊΡˆΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ утрСхскому архиСпископу Π“ΡƒΠ»Ρƒ Π±Ρ‹Π» торТСствСнно Π²Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Π½ послСдний ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ комиссии, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ расцСнивал, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, насколько Русская Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ΠΈ русскиС богословы стрСмятся ΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ СдинСнию со старокатоликами» [6] .

ΠΠ°Ρ‡Π°Π²ΡˆΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² 1914 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²Π°Ρ мировая Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π° помСшала дальнСйшСй Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ комиссий [8] .

На послСднСм засСдании ΠŸΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ собора 7 (20) сСнтября 1918 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ со старокатоликами, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡΡΡŒ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ созданиС постоянной комиссии с отдСлСниями Π² России ΠΈ Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ, Π² Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ разногласий со старокатоликами ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ… прСодолСния. Однако ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ этого опрСдСлСния Π² Тизнь помСшали историчСскиС события, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΠ΅ Π² России послС 1918 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° [14] .

ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ послСвоСнныС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ (1920β€”1950-Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹)

Π’ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя встрСчи старокатоликов с прСдставитСлями помСстных православных Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ мСсто Π½Π° экумСничСских конфСрСнциях Π² Π–Π΅Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ Π² 1920 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈ Π² Π›ΠΎΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π΅ Π² 1927 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ , Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° Π² 1930 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ . Русская православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΅Ρ‘ тяТёлого полоТСния Π² БовСтском БоюзС Π² этих ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… Π½Π΅ участвовала [8] . Π’Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² Π²ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… со старокатолицизмом стала ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ [10]

Π’ октябрС 1931 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ значимая Π² истории старокатолицизма Боннская конфСрСнция старокатоличСских Спископов НидСрландов, Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡ†Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π“Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ встрСча ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ прСдставитСлями старокатоликов ΠΈ православных Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΠΎ стороны старокатоликов Π½Π° православно-старокатоличСской ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ присутствовали: архиСпископ УтрСхский , профСссор Спископ БСрнский ΠΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ„ ΠšΡŽΡ€ΠΈ (Π₯ристианско-католичСская Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡ†Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ), Спископ ( ГСрманская старокатоличСская Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ), свящСнник Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠœΡŽΠ»ΡŒΡ…Π°ΡƒΠΏΡ‚ (Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π½) ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ ΠΈ профСссор сСминарии Π² АмСрсфортС ΠšΠΎΡ€Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ Π’Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ΅Ρ€. ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΠ΅ прСдставляли: ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Ѐиатирский Π“Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π½ (Бтринопулос) ( ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠŸΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Ρ…Π°Ρ‚ , Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ прСдставлял ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π˜Π΅Ρ€ΡƒΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ православныС Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ), ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Вирский ΠΈ Бидонский ЀСодосий (АбурдТСли) ( Антиохийская православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ), ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Буковинский НСктарий (ΠšΠΎΡ‚Π»ΡΡ€Ρ‡ΡƒΠΊ) ( Румынская православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ), ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΠŸΠ°Ρ„ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π›Π΅ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ (Π›Π΅ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡƒ) ( ΠšΠΈΠΏΡ€ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ), ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ Врикский ΠΈ Бтагонский ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΏ (Захос) ( Элладская православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ), Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Николай ΠΡ€ΡΠ΅Π½ΡŒΠ΅Π² (Польская православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ), ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΡŒ ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ Π€Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ (ΠŸΠ°Ρ€Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ) ΠΈ Спископ Бачский Π˜Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉ (Π§ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‡) ( БСрбская православная Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ) [15] . ПослС всСго лишь Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ стороны ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сущСствуСт достаточно Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ соприкосновСния Π² вопросах Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π½Π° установлСниС Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ общСния [10] . РСшСния Боннской ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 1931 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ для обсуТдСния православным Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ (совСщаниСм, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ ВсСправославный собор ), Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π° 1932 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ . ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π² 1932 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ собран Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π» [8] .

Π’ ΠΌΠ°Π΅ 1948 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° архиСпископ УтрСхтский АндрСас РинкСль Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ» письмо ΠŸΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Ρ…Ρƒ ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ всСя Руси АлСксию I , Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Ρ‰Π°Π» Π ΡƒΡΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ ΠΎ XV ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ старокатоликов Π² Π₯ΠΈΠ»Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡΡŽΠΌΠ΅ (НидСрланды). Π’ письмС Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ обсуТдСниС вопроса ΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ [8] .

ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° (1961β€”1975)

I РодосскоС ВсСправославноС совСщаниС 1961 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ Π² качСствС ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ВсСправославного собора Β«ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ со старокатоликами Π² Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ богословских дискуссий ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡŽΠ·Ρƒ с ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽΒ» [16] .

III РодосскоС ВсСправославноС совСщаниС 1964 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° приняло Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΎ нСпосрСдствСнном создании ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ богословской комиссии ΠΈΠ· спСциалистов-богословов», ΠΎ «систСматичСской ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Сю православных ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… богословских дискуссиях» ΠΈ Β«ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π΅ собСсСдований с ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ богословской комиссиСй БтарокатоличСской Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ послС ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ соглашСния Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΠΉΒ» [16] .

Π’ сСнтябрС 1966 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π‘Π΅Π»Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ засСданиС ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ богословской комиссии ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ со старокатоликами, которая приступила ΠΊ излоТСнию ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… сходств ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ православной ΠΈ старокатоличСской Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ согласиС ΠΏΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ряду богословских вопросов [17] :

  • ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΡ‹ римского ;
  • отвСргался Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ ΠΎ главСнствС Спископа Π ΠΈΠΌΠ° ;
  • ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π”Π΅Π²Ρ‹ ΠœΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ;
  • ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ свСрхдолТных заслугах святых ;
  • ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ чистилищС ;
  • отвСргался ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ±Π°Ρ‚ свящСнства;
  • ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ устранСниС Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π‘ΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π° Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ;
  • ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ латинских Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² послС 1054 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° вмСстС с ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ;
  • ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ΡƒΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ латинского языка Π² богослуТСнии.

Комиссия ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΎ старокатоличСском ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ вопросам [16] :

  • БвящСнноС ПисаниС ;
  • БвящСнноС ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ;
  • ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ БвящСнного Писания ;
  • НикСо-ЦарСградский ΠΈ ΠΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ символы Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹;
  • догматичСскиС Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ сСми ВсСлСнских соборов ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠŸΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ соборы;
  • Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прССмства ;
  • Π’Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ христологичСскоС учСния
  • ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ;
  • сСдмСричноС число Ваинств ;
  • ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΈ святых ;
  • ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ;
  • пост ;
  • ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΡΠΎΠΏΡˆΠΈΡ… [17] .

ВмСстС с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ различия Π² старокатоличСском ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅, Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ, Ваинствах ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ [16] .

IV ВсСправославноС совСщаниС , ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅Π΅ Π² Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΈ с 8 ΠΏΠΎ 15 июня 1968 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° , постановило Β«ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ с Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π²ΡˆΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π² Π‘Π΅Π»Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄Π΅ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ богословской комиссии ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ БтарокатоличСской ΠΈ ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ старокатоликов Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΡ… догматичСскиС тСксты, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ пояснСния ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… Β«ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Β» с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΈ христианскими исповСданиями. ΠžΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ старокатоликов содСрТал ИсповСданиС Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‹, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ заявлСниС ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ²Π΅; 18 июля 1970 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ этим Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ заявлСниС ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ Π² Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ [16] .

БмСшанная богословская комиссия ΠΏΠΎ православно-старокатоличСскому Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ (1975β€”1987)

ПослС Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ богословскиС комиссии 20β€”28 августа 1975 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ вмСстС, сформировав Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ комиссию ΠΏΠΎ православно-старокатоличСскому Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ [16] .

23β€”30 августа 1977 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ засСданиС БмСшанной комиссии ΠΏΠΎ православно-старокатоличСскому Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ, которая рассмотрСла ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ², относящихся ΠΊ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ. На основании этих Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ составлСно Π΄Π²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°: Β«Π£Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π£Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ сущности ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ» [18] .

Π’ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅ Π½Π° торТСствСнном засСдании, посвящСнном 60-Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡŽ восстановлСния Московского ΠŸΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ прСстола ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Ρ… ПимСн 25 мая 1978 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π» [19] :

ΠžΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Русской ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ с Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ старокатоличСского исповСдания Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π° всСм своСм протяТСнии ΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π² рассмотрСнии богословских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Π’ послСднСС врСмя особоС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ для Π½Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²ΡˆΠΈΠΉΡΡ православно-старокатоличСский Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³. ΠœΡ‹ Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ богословы постСпСнно приходят ΠΊ согласию ΠΏΠΎ всС Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ числу Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вопросов. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, стоящих Π½Π° ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ нашСго Сдинства. Π£ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ встрСчи высоких Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… дСятСлСй.

20β€”24 августа 1979 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ГСрманской ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π‘ΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ засСданиС БмСшанной комиссии ΠΏΠΎ православно-старокатоличСскому Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ вСлась Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π½Π°Π΄ тСкстами экклСзиологичСского Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π°. Π§Π»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ комиссии Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ составлСны ΠΈ подписаны Π΄Π²Π° тСкста: «Единство Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠŸΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ» ΠΈ Β«Π“Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ». ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈ сторонами тСксты Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π²Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ участникам засСдания для ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ своим Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌ [20] .

15β€”22 сСнтября 1981 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² МосквС ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π²Ρ‘Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΅ засСданиС БмСшанной богословской комиссии ΠΏΠΎ православно-старокатоличСскому Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ. Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ приняты ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹Ρ€Ρ‘Ρ… СкклСзиологичСских тСкстов: «АвторитСт Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ», Β«ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ», Β«Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ» ΠΈ «НСобходимости Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прССмства» [21] .

3β€”9 октября 1983 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΈ Π½Π° пятом засСдании БмСшанной богословской комиссии Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ приняты Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹: Β«Π“Π»Π°Π²Π° Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΒ», Β«Π˜ΡΠΊΡƒΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ Господа», «ДСйствиС Бвятого Π”ΡƒΡ…Π° Π² Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ усвоСниС спасСния» [22]

30 сСнтября β€” 5 октября 1985 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² АмСрсфортС (НидСрланды) Π² процСссС ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ засСдания комиссии Π±Ρ‹Π» принят Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ «Ваинства Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ: ΠšΡ€Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, БоТСствСнная Евхаристия» [23] .

ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ старокатолики Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ с протСстантами. Π’ 1985 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ГСрманская старокатоличСская Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° соглашСниС с ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽ Π“Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ± совмСстном участии Π² таинствС Свхаристии [24] .

III ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ всСправославноС совСщаниС, ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ 28 октября β€” 6 ноября 1986 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π² Π¨Π°ΠΌΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΈ, приняло Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° со старокатоликами, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ [17] :

БоблюдСниС БтарокатоличСской Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽ Π΄Π°Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ общСния Π² Ваинствах с Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽ Англии, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ появившиСся Π² Π“Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ позднСйшиС Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² Ваинствах с ЕвангСличСской Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽβ€¦ сниТаСт Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ совмСстно подписываСмых Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… экклСзиологичСских тСкстов ΠΈ создаСт трудности воплощСния ΠΈ раскрытия богословия совмСстно подписываСмых ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΡ… богословских тСкстов Π²ΠΎ всСй ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ БтарокатоличСской Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ. Оба эти вопроса Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… богословов ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ с Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния экклСзиологичСских ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… послСдствий, с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ установлСниС Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… прСдпосылок для восстановлСния Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ общСния со старокатоликами. УспСшноС Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ этого богословского Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° благоприятно отразится ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ… Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ ΡƒΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ.

Π‘ 12 ΠΏΠΎ 20 октября 1987 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Кавал (ГрСция) ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ VII ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ засСданиС БмСшанной богословской комиссии ΠΏΠΎ православно-старокатоличСскому Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ. На засСданиях ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ШвСйцарский Дамаскин (ΠŸΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ€Π΅Ρƒ) (ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Ρ…Π°Ρ‚) ΠΈ Спископ Π›Π΅ΠΎΠ½ Π“ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒΠ΅ (Π₯ристианско-католичСская Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡŒ Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡ†Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ). ΠžΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ сСкрСтарСй выполняли профСссор Власиос Ѐидас ΠΈ профСссор Эрнст Π₯Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΌΠΈΠ΄Ρ‚ [16] . Π‘Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ приняты Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ засСдании Π² МинскС: «Ваинство Π‘Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ°Β», «Ваинство БвящСнства», «Ваинство ЕлСосвящСния», «Ваинство Покаяния», Β«Π£Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ послСдних событиях», Β«Π¦Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: прСдпосылки ΠΈ слСдствия». Π”ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ разосланы православным ΠΈ старокатоличСским Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΌ [17] .

Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ засСданиС БмСшанной комиссии стало послСдним. Π”ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΡ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ согласно ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€Π΅, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ III ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ всСправославным совСщаниСм, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ считаСтся Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΡ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ссли всС Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Ρ„Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ православныС Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ€Ρ… ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ [17] .

Π˜Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ соврСмСнноС состояниС

This dialogue was the only theological dialogue that culminated in the signing of a document with Orthodox beliefs from the heterodox [25] . However, the signed documents have not been ratified. Moreover, in 1994, German Old Catholics, following the Anglicans, approved the female priesthood . The first such consecration took place in 1996. Similar decisions were soon made by the old Catholics of Austria, Poland and the Netherlands [26] . Such actions actually rejected everything that was adopted during the dialogue with the Orthodox [25] . As noted in the " Orthodox Encyclopedia ", "after the first priestly ordination of a woman <...> the situation became uncertain" [17] .

According to the professor of the Moscow Theological Academy and participant in inter-church contacts, Alexei Osipov :

This dialogue was very successful, and it ended in 1987. After this, only one thing remained - for the Orthodox churches, for their part, and the old Catholics to approve these decisions on their higher bodies and then make decisions on Eucharistic communion and unification. However, none of this happened. The Old Catholics, without any doubt, having signed all the agreements on all the sacraments, including the priesthood, the Eucharist, without any embarrassment entered into Eucharistic communion with the extreme Protestant churches. They began to establish the female priesthood. And the dialogue, so brilliantly conducted (for some 10 years everything was decided), ended without any glory and result [27] .

As Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin noted in 2011 [1] ,

at one time there was a very deep theological dialogue aimed at reuniting them with Orthodoxy. However, the problem is that modern old Catholics, in their way of life and moral preferences, are closer to Protestants than to Catholics. They had a female priesthood, many other liberal innovations.

In 2004, on the initiative of the Patriarch of Constantinople and Archbishop Utrecht, a permanent working group was created to reflect and exchange. It is expected that this working party will stimulate joint projects, pastoral and theological [28] .

Literature

  • "Orthodox-Catholic meeting" // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1973. No. 9. p. 8.
  • Skobey Gregory. β€œA new page in the Orthodox-Old Catholic dialogue” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1976. No. 4. P. 67-68
  • Skobey Gregory. β€œThe Orthodox-Catholic dialogue continues” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1978. No. 3 pp. 63-65
  • Skobei G. β€œThe Orthodox-Catholic dialogue continues” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1980. No. 2. p. 67.
  • Augustine (Nikitin) , archimandrite. Orthodox-Catholic dialogue // Theological works . Anniversary collection dedicated to the 175th anniversary of the Leningrad Theological Seminary. 1986 . S. 47-62
  • Participation of the St. Petersburg department of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education in the negotiations of representatives of the Old Catholics with the Russian Orthodox Church // "Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University." No. 40/2011
  • Peter-Ben Smit A Dialogue of Paradoxes: Orthodox - Old Catholic Dialogue, in: Katya Tolstaya (ed.), Orthodox Paradoxes (Leiden: Brill, 2014) // academia.edu

Further reading

  • Project Canterbury. β€œ Relations Between the Orthodox and Old Catholic Churches .” The Christian East . 1932, 13: 3.4; pp. 91-98.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin on ecumenism, pay for demands and conflicts with relatives // Orthodoxy and Peace , July 15, 2011
  2. ↑ Deacon George Maximov. Foreign mission of the Orthodox Church today // pravoslavie.ru , April 22, 2013
  3. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Professor prot. M. Gorchakov. Old Catholics and the Old Catholic Church // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
  4. ↑ E. A. Kopylova β€œThe activities of the St. Petersburg department of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education to familiarize Western Christians with Orthodoxy (1871-1880)” // Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University. Series 2: History. History of the Russian Orthodox Church. Issue No. 52 (3) / 2013
  5. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D.A. Toropov. The role of the St. Petersburg department of the Society of Lovers of Spiritual Education at the first stage of negotiations between representatives of the Russian Church and the Old Catholics (1871-1875) // β€œ Church and Time ”, No. 2 (59) 2012
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Vladimir Gerasimov. The Old Catholic Question in Russia in the 19th β€” 20th Centuries. Moscow. 2003 year.
  7. ↑ Khoruzhiy S. S. Modern problems of the Orthodox worldview. Internet publication of the Omega web center, 2002. 144 p.
  8. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Beginning of dialogue between the Russian Orthodox Church and Anglicans and Old Catholics // Russian Orthodox Church, 988-1988. Essays on the history of the 1st β€” 19th centuries M .: Publishing. Moscow Patriarchate, 1988, no. one.
  9. ↑ THE OLD CATHOLIC CONGRESS AT COLOGNE. // The Sydney Morning Herald, Monday 2 December 1872, p. 3
  10. ↑ 1 2 3 Peter-Ben Smit. A Dialogue of Paradoxes: Orthodox - Old Catholic Dialogue, in: Katya Tolstaya (ed.), Orthodox Paradoxes (Leiden: Brill, 2014) // academia.edu
  11. ↑ The Fourth International Old Catholic Congress [Held in Vienna, Aug. 31-Sept. 3, 1897.] By Charles R. Hale, DD, Bishop of Cairo. The Church Eclectic January, 1898, 25:10. pp 873-877
  12. ↑ I.K. Smolich. History of the Russian Church: 1700 - 1917 Publishing House of the Transfiguration of the Valaam Monastery, 1994
  13. ↑ Olga Vasilyeva Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky). Strokes to the portrait // Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky). Strokes to the portrait // β€œ pravmir.ru ”, February 5, 2013
  14. ↑ Priest Valentin Ulyakhin. The Russian Orthodox Church and the ecumenical movement of the 19th β€” 20th centuries // Annual Theological Conference: Materials 1997
  15. ↑ PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCES BETWEEN THE OLD CATHOLIC AND ORTHODOX CHURCHES, HELD AT BONN, ON OCTOBER 27TH AND 28TH, 1931. // The Christian East, 1932, 13: 3, 4; pp 91-98
  16. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 G. N. Skobei β€œ Towards the end of the Orthodox-Old Catholic theological dialogue ” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate , No. 5, 1988
  17. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 DIALOGUES OF THE THEOLOGIAN RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church and Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2007. - T. XIV. - S. 604-618. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89572-024-0 .
  18. ↑ Skobey Gregory. β€œThe Orthodox-Catholic dialogue continues” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1978. No. 3 pp. 63-65
  19. ↑ Pimen (Izvekov), Patriarch Report at a solemn meeting dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the restoration of the Moscow Patriarchal Throne // Priest's Handbook. Volume 1. M. 1977, p. 724-762
  20. ↑ Skobei G. β€œThe Orthodox-Catholic dialogue continues” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate 1980
  21. ↑ Resultant documents of the IV meeting of the Joint Theological Commission of the Orthodox-Old Catholic Dialogue // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate . M., 1982. No. 4 (IMF). 46-49.
  22. ↑ Documents of the Fifth meeting of the Joint Theological Commission on the Orthodox-Old Catholic Dialogue (October 3-9, 1983, Chambesy, Switzerland) // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1986. No. 6. p. 58-61.
  23. ↑ β€œDocuments of the Sixth meeting of the Joint Theological Commission on the Orthodox-Old Catholic Dialogue (September 30 - October 5, 1985, Amersfoort, Netherlands)” // Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate. M., 1986. No. 6 p. 61-63.
  24. ↑ Catholic Diocese of the Old-Catholics in Germany
  25. ↑ 1 2 Pan-Orthodox Conference β€œECUMENISM: Origins - Hopes - Disappointments" (September 20-24, 2004) ; Original in Greek: Ξ”Ξ™ΞŸΞ‘Ξ˜ΞŸΞ”ΞŸΞžΞŸΞ Ξ˜Ξ•ΞŸΞ›ΞŸΞ“Ξ™ΞšΞŸΞ Ξ£Ξ₯ΞΞ•Ξ”Ξ‘Ξ™ΞŸΞ ΞŸΞ™ΞšΞŸΞ₯ΞœΞ•ΞΞ™Ξ£ΞœΞŸΞ£ ΓένΡσις - Προσδοκίαι - Ξ”ΞΉΞ±ΟˆΞ΅ΟΟƒΞ΅ΞΉΟ‚
  26. ↑ George D. Chryssides, Margaret Z. Wilkins Christians in the Twenty-First Century on Google Books
  27. ↑ Prof. A. I. Osipov: β€œOn Ecumenism” // Theological video channel on youtube.com
  28. ↑ Relations with the Orthodox Churches
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Orthodox Christian Catholic Dialogue&oldid = 101119428


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