Energy bridge in Crimea - cable-overhead power lines and substations built to connect the Crimean energy system to the UES of Russia (UES of the South). The energy bridge was commissioned at full capacity on May 11, 2016 [1] , the emergency allowable capacity was 810 MW. [2]
In 2017, after the launch of the energy bridge in Crimea, many-year maximums of energy consumption were achieved: 1427 MW - winter [3] and 1249 MW - summer [2] .
Rostov NPP is used as the main connection point and power source, parallel operation of several power lines is provided throughout. The construction of the most expensive facilities of the 500 kV transmission lines “Rostov-Andreevskaya-Vyshesteblievskaya (Taman)” and “Rostov NPP-Rostovskaya” was completed last and was due in time to the launch of the fourth power unit of the Rostov NPP [4] . On May 30, 2018, Rostov - Andreevskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya was put under voltage. After that, the maximum power increased to 850 MW. [four]
The end point of the energy bridge is Simferopol . One of the sites laid along the bottom of the Kerch Strait .
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Operation
The first line of the Taman-Kamysh-Burun cable-air line was launched in test mode by Russian President Vladimir Putin on December 2, 2015 [5] [6] [7] .
The launch of the first string made it possible to stabilize the operation of its own Crimean generation sources. It became possible to increase the power generated both at Crimean thermal power plants and at mobile gas turbine stations [8] operating in a mode of compulsory reduced power.
On December 8, 2015, the first string of the energy bridge was operated above the nominal 200 MW at a power of 240-265 MW [9] [10] .
On December 15, 2015, the second string of the energy bridge to the Kafa substation was launched, which gave the Crimean Peninsula an additional 230 MW of electricity [11] [12] . From Moscow, launch by teleconference was led by Russian President Vladimir Putin.
On February 11, 2016, 417 MW was supplied through the energy bridge, another 514 MW was generated on the peninsula. During the peak power consumption, fan outages were carried out according to the limits allocated by the municipalities [13] on February 25, the overflow amounted to 421 MW, own generation - 511 MW, the volume of outages in the evening hours was about 85 MW [14] .
On April 14, 2016, the third string of the energy bridge was launched and the limits of electricity consumption were increased. In Kerch, this made it possible to proceed with the transfer of industrial enterprises to daytime operation [15] , as well as proceed with the decommissioning of the Sevastopol TPP [16] .
From April 22, after a five-month break, the movement of trolleybuses along the intercity route Simferopol – Alushta – Yalta was resumed [17] .
On May 11, 2016, the fourth string was launched, which made it possible to remove the emergency mode and begin scheduled repair work in the networks and generating equipment, as well as more fully use the unstable generation of alternative energy [18] .
As of July 21, the power transmitted through the energy bridge was 720 MW, while all gas turbine stations in the Crimea were in operation. [nineteen]
In January 2017, the maximum power of the RISE included in the work amounted to 58 MW, while on January 30, a multi-year maximum of winter consumption was reached - 1427 MW. [3]
In August 2017, due to the intense heat, maximums of summer consumption were reached in seven regions in southern Russia at once. The UES of the South worked to the limit of its capabilities, and the technical capabilities to ensure the required level of consumption in the Crimean and Kuban energy systems were exhausted. [20] The completion of the construction of the last and most expensive element of the energy bridge - the 500 kV transmission line Rostov - Taman and the development of its own maneuverable generation should increase the reliability of supplying consumers of the Krasnodar Territory and Crimea.
In the early morning of October 2, [21] 2018, after the commissioning of the first power units of the Tauride and Balaklava TPPs and four gas turbines of the Saki TPP , the first excess 28 MW were transferred to the mainland. [22]
Emergencies and Accidents
On May 18, 2016 [23] in the Republic of Crimea, and on May 25 in Sevastopol [24] , the emergency mode introduced at the end of 2015 in connection with the power block of Crimea from Ukraine was canceled.
As of July 29, 2017, 3 emergencies occurred, both from the Crimean and from the Krasnodar side. [25] [26] [27]
- May 20, 2016 due to an accident involving a concrete mixer, two power lines were disconnected in the region of Simferopol. Turning off the light lasted half an hour. [25]
- On October 3, 2016, an unplanned decrease in the transmitted power by 120 MW occurred, which led to the disconnection of some consumers. [28] The shutdowns lasted from 18:36 to 21:22, the maximum value of the disconnected load according to the schedule of temporary disconnection of consumers of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Krymenergo amounted to 77 MW. [29] , Sevastopolenergo - 20 MW.
- On July 28, 2017 at 13:55, a systemic accident began to develop after the simultaneous shutdown of two 500 kV overhead lines of the mainland of the OS of the South (Stavropol State District Power Station - Central and Kubanskaya - Tikhoretsk). At the same time, in the Crimean power system, the first and second circuits of the Simferopolskaya-Kafa 220 kV overhead line were disconnected by the action of automatic asynchronous elimination, and the 220 kV Dzhankoy-Pump-2 overhead line was disconnected by the protection. The result was:
- the allocation of the Crimean energy system to work with a deficit of active power isolated from the UES and the cessation of power supply to consumers of the Crimean energy system with a capacity of 1,041 MW (about 2,256,000 people),
- the termination of power supply to consumers of the Kuban energy system with a capacity of 72.5 MW (about 135,800 people) and the occurrence of a deficit of active and reactive power in the Kuban energy system, accompanied by a deep (below 50% of the nominal) voltage reduction in the entire electric network [30] .
- From 14:30 a phased restoration of power supply to consumers began and by 19:50 it was fully completed. [31]
Construction
Design work began in April 2014 and was completed within a year, which is half the usual timelines for developing project documentation of similar complexity [32] .
Construction and installation work began in April 2015. As part of the first and second phases, two new substations were built: Taman and Kafa, five existing substations were reconstructed: Kubanskaya, Vyshesteblievskaya, Slavyanskaya, Simferopolskaya, Kamysh-Burun, more than 800 were built km of power lines with a voltage class of 220 and 500 kV, four chains are laid along the bottom of the Kerch Strait, each consisting of four cable lines, with a total length of 230 km. In general, work on the second stage was completed ahead of the planned timeframe by an average of two years [32] .
The transfer of the first 200 MW of power from the UES of Russia to the Crimea began on December 2, 2015, the second string was launched on December 15, the third string was put into operation on April 14, 2016, after which the power flow reached 600 MW and the peninsula was completely non-volatile and the power supply was restored all categories of consumers without any restrictions. On May 11, 2016, the fourth string was launched, which allows for the transfer of up to 800 MW of electric power from the Unified Energy System of Russia to the Crimea [32] .
Each time when introducing new threads, simultaneously with an increase in power, the length of the energy bridge also increased. The first was launched the shortest cable-overhead line "Taman - Kamysh-Burun" and RP 220 kV Taman. The second was launched KVL 220 kV Taman - Kafa III chain and substation Kafa. The third string was the 220 kV Taman Taman - Kafa I circuit, along with the 500 kV Kubanskaya - Taman transmission line and the 500 kV Taman substation. Fourth, the Taman - Kafa II circuit and the 220 kV Kafa - Simferopol II circuit power line were launched [33] .
Construction Preparation
Design and survey work began in June 2014. The general designer was the Yuzhenergosetproekt Institute.
In autumn 2014, a tender was announced for the construction of an energy bridge across the Kerch Strait . The tender documentation indicated the operating voltage of 220 kV, the completion date was October 2016, and the marginal cost was 13.8 billion rubles. Four companies participated in the competition [34] , JSC “VO Technopromexport ” and OJSC Stroytransgaz were allowed to bid.
To supply power to the Crimean power system, it was planned to build a 240 km Kerch-Simferopol transmission line. In September 2014, preparatory work began for its construction [35] .
By December 2014, a highway was selected on the territory of Crimea and land plots were registered [36] .
In the Krasnodar Territory during archaeological excavations preceding the construction of an energy bridge in the Crimea, an amphora of the 5th century BC was discovered. e., filled with oil [37] . Moreover, all previous finds of amphoras with oil in this region were dated to a later time.
In Crimea, on the site from Kerch to Feodosia, 35 objects of architectural heritage were discovered [38] .
In the first quarter of 2015, Glavgosexpertiza ended [36] .
In March 2015, a contract was signed with the Chinese company Jiangsu Hentong Power Systems for the manufacture and supply of 220 kV submarine high-voltage cable for a total of 4.96 billion rubles [39] .
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First Stage
In the summer, construction of terminals for the exit of cable lines of the energy bridge began on the coast of Crimea and Taman [39] .
On September 17, two months ahead of schedule, the power unit No. 3 of the Rostov NPP was put into commercial operation [40] , which made it possible to create an additional generation volume in the network for supplying electricity to the Crimea [41] .
On October 11, the cable-laying vessel JIAN JI 3001 arrived in Kerch, after laying the cable in the drum on October 17, the vessel went to the place of work [42] .
By November 27, a power transmission line to Kerch and other facilities were built in the Crimea to receive power from the first string of the energy bridge [43] . On the night of November 27, the first 22 MW were transferred [44] , the Kamysh-Burun substation was transferred to a new circuit [45] .
The completion of the construction of the first stage with a capacity of 350 MW was originally planned by the end of 2016 [36] , but the first stage was completed a year earlier.
Early in the morning of December 2, 2015, the first turn of the energy bridge was turned on, and in the evening of the same day, a launch ceremony was held with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin and the head of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation Alexander Novak [5] [6] .
On December 15, the second string of the energy bridge to the Crimea was launched, which gave the Crimean Peninsula an additional 230 MW of electricity [11] .
Second Stage
To launch the third and fourth strings in the Kuban, it was necessary to complete the construction of a 500 kV transmission line.
On December 25, 2015, the head of the State Unitary Enterprise Krymenergo Viktor Plakida said that the energy facilities of the peninsula are ready to launch the second stage by more than 50%. This concerned both new construction projects and the scope of work in existing networks.
According to him: “the entire energy sector of Crimea in the current conditions is changing direction from the north (flows from Ukraine) to the east - the reception and distribution of electricity from mainland Russia through the Kerch Strait ” [46] .
By February 19, 2016, the installation of AT 500/220 kV was started at the 500 kV Substation Taman, at the 220 kV Substation Kafa, installation of disconnectors of the second construction stage was started, laying works were carried out at the switching points Kuban and Crimea underground part of the third cable line and prepared jobs for the installation of end couplings [47] .
February 28-29, the flow was limited to 380 MW for construction and installation work on the third string [48] [49] .
On March 4, Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation Alexander Novak announced that work was underway at 5 facilities at the same time - the construction of 500 kV Taman and 220 kV Kafa substations, the reconstruction of Kubanskaya substation, the construction of power lines and an underwater cable crossing. A total of 537.4 km of power lines will be built and 1315 MVA of transformer capacity introduced [50] .
During the direct line, which took place on April 14, 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin said, “literally today, the third circuit should be included - this is an additional 200 MW” [51] . Later, on the same day, Alexander Novak announced the launch of the third string of the energy bridge [52] .
On May 6, 2016, the fourth thread was launched in test mode [53] .
On May 11, 2016, the fourth string of the energy bridge was launched, which increased the possible transfer from the Kuban energy system to the Crimean one to 800 MW [54] [55] [56] .
The construction was completed 1.5-2 years ahead of schedule. [57] .
Third Stage
After the launch of the last cable line through the Kerch Strait, the future plans were to provide an overflow from the Rostov power system [54] .
On December 6, 2017, the loading of nuclear fuel into the 4th reactor of the Rostov NPP began. On December 29, power unit No. 4 was brought to a minimally controlled power level. [58]
February 23, 2018 [59] FGC UES supplied a voltage of a 500 kV power transmission line to the Rostov NPP - Rostov NPP, which is the main element of the power distribution scheme of the fourth power unit of the Rostov NPP. The length of power lines is 286 km [59] , the cost is 10 billion rubles. [58]
On March 10, 2018, unit 4 of the Rostov NPP during complex tests was brought to the level of 75% of its capacity. [60] On April 14, 2018, the power unit was first brought to full capacity.
On May 30, 2018, at 12:24 a high-voltage line of 500 kV Rostov-Andreevskaya-Vyshesteblievskaya (Taman) was supplied with voltage, which made it possible to increase the reliability of the Kuban and Crimean power systems, as well as increase the maximum power flow to Crimea to 850 MW. [61]
Description
The main goal of the construction is to ensure the connection of the Crimean energy system with the Unified Energy System of Russia . The selected configuration also solves the issues of extra capacity delivery of the Rostov NPP and allows to increase the reliability of supplying consumers in the Crimea and the Kuban. The total construction cost will amount to 47 billion rubles [62] .
The main elements [36] [63] [64] :
- 500 kV power transmission lines from the Rostov NPP “Rostov - Andreevskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya” with a length of 500 km, the cost is 21.9 billion rubles [65] ,
- The 500 kV transmission line “Kubanskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya” with a length of 125.7 km [65] , which was a continuation of the 500 kV transmission line “Rostov NPP - Tikhoretsk - Kubanskaya”
- cable lines 220 kV "Taman-Kafa" and "Taman-Kamysh-Burun" worth 18.1 billion rubles [65] :
- transit substation 220 kV "Kafa":
- on the existing power transmission line from Feodosia to Simferopol, a re-plant was completed at 220 kV Substation Kafa, a new designation: “Kafa - Simferopol I circuit”, the wire was also replaced,
- cutting the 220 kV Feodosiyskaya - Pumping-2 power transmission line with its re-planting at 220 kV Kafa substation,
- 220 kV transmission line “Kafa - Simferopol II chain” [65] with a length of 116.2 km [65] , operating voltage of 220 kV, built in dimensions of 330 kV [65] north of the existing power line.
At the first stage, the point of connection to the UES of the South was the distribution center of the 220 kV Taman distribution center with accesses from the 220 kV Vyshesteblievskaya - Slavyanskaya transmission line [66] . In 2016, the substation “Taman” 500/220 kV substation was built and the “Kubanskaya” 500 kV substation was expanded.
In Crimea, the substation connection points are:
- Substation " Kamysh-Burun " near Kerch ,
- Substation Kafa 220 kV near Feodosia , further expansion to 330 kV is provided [65] ,
- Outdoor switchgear-220 kV Substation 330 kV "Simferopol" - the end point of the energy bridge.
According to the initial project, until 2020, it was planned to build the extension of a 220 kV overhead line to Simferopol TPP. [65] but then this line was excluded.
Power transmission line Rostov-Andreevskaya-Vyshestebliyevskaya
Official name: “500 kV OHL Rostovskaya – Andreevskaya – Vyshesteblievskaya (Taman) with expansion of the Rostov substation and construction of a 500 kV Andreevskaya substation with approaches of 500 kV Tikhoretsk – Krymskaya OHL at II and 220 kV OHL Vitaminkombinat-Bryukhovetskaya and Vitaminkombinat-Slavyansk”.
The length of the 500 kV transmission line “Rostovskaya - Andreevskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya (Taman)” will be 504 km [67] [68] , “Rostov NPP - Rostovskaya” - 286 km [59] .
The construction of a 500 kV transmission line: Rostov-Andreevskaya and Rostov NPP-Rostov was planned before the start of work on the energy bridge, in order to ensure power transit through the 500 kV substation Rostov to the power system of the Krasnodar Territory.
The initial section of the energy bridge (Rostov - Vyshesteblievskaya) will become the longest and most expensive and will be built last. According to the tender [69] , which was announced by TsIUS UES in November 2015, only 583 million rubles were allocated for the preparation of project documentation. In July 2016, documentation was prepared on the planning of the territory for the construction of power lines. [68]
In April 2017, work continued with the owners of land. [70]
In January 2018, the readiness of the line was 80%, energization was planned on March 16.
On February 23, 2018, a 500 kV overhead line from Rostov NPP to Rostov was included in transit. [59]
On May 23, a test supply of voltage to the VL Rostovskaya - Andreevskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya line with a length of 477 km began [71] . The new power transmission line will provide a better and more stable energy supply to both the Crimea and the Kuban, and the energy donor - the Rostov Region, and will allow the operation of the Rostov NPP due to the maneuverable CCGT and TPP of Crimea.
Kubanskaya transmission line - Taman
In January 2015, the construction of the 500 kV transmission line “Rostov NPP - Tikhoretskaya (2nd HVL)” was completed, which ensured the delivery of 1.1 GW of power to the Krasnodar Territory power system [72] and increased the throughput in the direction of “Rostov NPP - Tikhoretskaya - Kuban. "
In 2015, construction began on the 500 kV Kubanskaya-Taman transmission line, which was the first of two 500 kV lines supplying the Taman substation. The construction of a transmission line with a length of 126.1 km and tests under load were completed in April 2016 [73] . At the same time, work was completed on the 3rd cable overhead line . Also, the transmission line provided the Taman substation with the necessary capacity for the 4th cable-overhead line, the launch of which allowed to increase the transmitted power to the Crimea to 850 MW.
Student construction teams of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute took part in the construction of the transmission line and 500 kV Substation Taman [74] .
Taman Substation
On December 2, 2015 at 22:40, the distribution center of the 220 kV Taman distribution substation became the point of connection of the isolated territorial energy system of Crimea to the UES of Russia (UES of the South).
At the second stage, a 500/220 kV Taman substation was built with open switchgears 500 kV outdoor switchgear and 220 kV outdoor switchgear [75] . The first was a 500 kV transmission line from the Kubanskaya substation. The construction of the 500 kV transmission line from the R-500 substation (Rostovskaya) is ongoing. The new substation is located east of the substation 220 kV "Vyshesteblievskaya", built in 2008-2010.
In 2013, it was decided to build a substation of the same name near the port of Taman and three 220 kV transmission lines: Vyshestebleevskaya-Taman, Buzhora-Taman, and Buzhora-Kirillovskaya. Power facilities should be built as part of the FGC investment program by 2017. However, due to the lack of a source of funding, these plans were not destined to come true, and at present the construction of 220/110/35/10 kV Port Substation is carried out by PJSC Kubanenergo, this substation will be connected by two 220 kV lines from the 500 kV Substation "Taman" will provide electricity to the Crimean bridge and the ports of Taman. Besides the external power supply of the dry cargo port of Taman, this substation will also contribute to the electrification of the railway infrastructure on the Taman Peninsula.
There is a distance of several kilometers between the constructed 500 kV Substation Taman and the planned 220 kV Substation Taman. Between them is the substation 220/110/10 kV "Vyshesteblievskaya", its capacity is 250 MVA. Simultaneously with the substation, the construction of the 220 kV “Slavyanskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya” power transmission line with a length of 110 km was completed. [76] The second power line was the 220 kV “Crimean - Vyshesteblievskaya” power transmission line [77] . Later, the Krymskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya power transmission line was cut and a 220 kV runway Buzhora ( Anapa ) was built [78] .
The 220/110 kV Vyshesteblievskaya substation was built 1.5 km north-west of the 110 kV Vyshesteblievskaya substation [77] .
The construction of a 500 kV outdoor switchgear at 220 kV Taman SS with the installation of the first and second autotransformer groups 500/220 kV 3 x 167 MVA (3xAODCST-167000/500/220) and a shunt reactor SHR 500 kV (3 x 60 MVar) on it was completed simultaneously with the construction of the first 500 kV Kubanskaya-Taman OHL [63] .
With the completion of the 500 kV overhead line Rostov-Taman, it is planned to install a third autotransformer group (3khAOODTsTN-167000/500/220) and a 500 kV ShR (3 x 60 Mvar) [63] .
Cable Lines
Four cable-overhead (KVL) 220 kV lines were built to connect the Crimean energy system and the UES of the South: three Taman-Kafa lines and one Taman-Kamysh-Burun line. The cost of the work is 18.1 billion rubles [65] .
At the first stage, the RP “Taman” became the connection point to the UES of the South; in Crimea, the connection points were: the new substation Kafa substation and the expanded substation Kamysh-Burun.
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| Loading a cable onto a ship | |
The main elements of cable lines:
- two double-circuit power lines to the cross section of the Kerch Strait - 50 km,
- transition point PP-1 Kuban,
- four cable lines with four cables each: three workers and one backup - 14.5 km,
- transition point PP-2 Crimea,
- Air lines on the Kerch Peninsula :
- double-circuit power transmission line from the Kerch Strait to the Kafa substation (chains No. 1 and No. 2) - 120 km,
- Power lines from the Kerch Strait to the Kafa substation No. 3 - 120 km,
- Power lines to the substation Kamysh-Burun - 15 km.
Notes
- ↑ Putin: any blockade of Russia will be broken, as well as the blockade of Crimea - News
- ↑ 1 2 The Ministry of Energy of Russia worked out measures to minimize unplanned outages in the Republic of Crimea . minenergo.gov.ru . Ministry of Energy of Russia (August 8, 2017). Date of treatment August 9, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Cyril Borodin. The power consumption in the Crimean energy system in January was 8 MW higher than the 5-year maximum . EnergoNews (February 9, 2017). Date of treatment February 10, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Mode-balance situation in the UES of Russia in the autumn-winter period of 2017/18. . minenergo.gov.ru . "SYSTEM OPERATOR OF A UNIFIED ENERGY SYSTEM". Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Putin arrived in Simferopol to launch the first string of energy bridge
- ↑ 1 2 Putin launched the first line of the energy bridge to the Crimea . TASS. Date of treatment December 2, 2015.
- ↑ The President launched the first phase of the energy bridge in Crimea , Kremlin.ru (December 2, 2015).
- ↑ Energetics: overflow along the energy bridge will improve Crimea's own generation , RIA Crimea, 12/03/2015
- ↑ The energy bridge to Crimea was patched up at night . CJSC Publishing House "Komsomolskaya Pravda". Date of treatment December 8, 2015.
- ↑ Electricity flow through the energy bridge to the Crimea is 263 MW - Rambler News Service . rns.online. Date of treatment December 8, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Putin launched the second line of the energy bridge from the Kuban to the Crimea . Network publication "RIA Novosti" (December 15, 2015). Date of treatment December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Launch of the second stage of the energy bridge in Crimea
- ↑ Crimea lives on 931 MW of energy - Ministry of Emergencies , RIA Crimea, 02/11/2016
- ↑ Due to a power shortage of 85 MW in the Crimea, the shutdown mode is maintained . RIA Crimea (February 25, 2016). Date of treatment February 26, 2016.
- ↑ The electricity limit for Kerch increased to 60 MW . Kryminform (April 18, 2016). Date of treatment May 6, 2016.
- ↑ Krymenergo will bring to Sevastopol new limits for electricity supply - Sevastopolenergo
- ↑ After 5 months, trolleybuses again leave on the Simferopol-Yalta line . RIA Novosti (April 22, 2016). Date of treatment May 12, 2016.
- ↑ The unstable energy of solar and wind power stations cannot be completely introduced into the Crimean power system - the profile minister . Kryminform (December 7, 2015).
- ↑ Borodulina: the energy bridge provides only 720 MW to the Crimea, all gas turbine power plants are operating . RIA Novosti (July 21, 2016). Date of treatment September 18, 2016.
- ↑ Sergey Derkachev. In the Rostov region, due to heat waves, electricity consumption is breaking records . http://www.donnews.ru (August 9, 2017). Date of treatment August 9, 2017.
- ↑ Wholesale electricity and capacity market . http://br.so-ups.ru . SO UES. Date of appeal October 18, 2018.
- ↑ Olga Koteneva. Power increased . rg.ru. Russian newspaper (Simferopol) (October 16, 2018). Date of appeal October 18, 2018.
- ↑ In Crimea, the emergency mode introduced due to the power canceled . RIA Novosti (May 18, 2016). Date of treatment May 18, 2016.
- ↑ In Sevastopol, the emergency mode introduced due to the power removed . RIA Novosti (May 25, 2016). Date of appeal May 25, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Concrete mixer as a knife switch - Business - Kommersant
- ↑ Ministry of Energy launched an investigation into the causes of a power failure in Crimea - Rambler / News
- ↑ http://novostisevastopolya.info/rus/view-news/Stalo-izvestno-pochemu-vchera-vecherom-Sevastopol-ostalsya-bez-sveta/28507
- ↑ Part of Crimea is temporarily de-energized . RIA Crimea (October 3, 2016). Date of treatment October 8, 2016.
- ↑ Consumer nutrition restored . Krymenergo (October 4, 2016). Date of treatment October 8, 2016.
- ↑ Andrei Cherezov held an offsite meeting of the Government Commission for the Safety of Power Supply (Federal Headquarters) on the issue of preparing the electric power industry of the Southern Federal District for work in the autumn-winter period . minenergo.gov.ru . Official website of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (September 28, 2017). Date of treatment November 4, 2017.
- ↑ Andrey Cherezov held a meeting on the violation of power supply in the Kuban and Crimean power systems (August 3, 2017). Date of treatment August 9, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Information about the energy bridge construction project , Ministry of Energy of Russia
- ↑ The builders of the energy bridge in Crimea talked about how they tested and launched the facility . KERCH.COM.RU (May 12, 2016). Date of treatment May 19, 2016.
- ↑ Four on the energy bridge . Newspaper.Ru (September 29, 2014). Date of treatment July 28, 2016.
- ↑ In Crimea, work has begun on the construction of a new power line that will connect the peninsula with the Russian energy system . Kryminform (October 27, 2014). Date of treatment December 3, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 The construction of the Taman-Crimea energy bridge will begin in the 1st quarter of 2015 . Kryminform (December 22, 2014). Date of treatment December 22, 2014.
- ↑ Egor Antonov, During the construction of an energy bridge in the Crimea, an amphora with oil was found / SCIENCE AND LIFE, September 8, 2015
- ↑ Under the energy bridge from Kerch to Feodosia, 35 ancient settlements and burials were found . KERCH.COM.RU (October 12, 2015). Date of appeal October 26, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Energy bridge to Crimea: dossier . TASS (December 2, 2015).
- ↑ Rostov NPP: Unit 3 was put into commercial operation , Rosatom, 09/18/2015
- ↑ Electricity supplies to Crimea will not create its deficit in the south of the Russian Federation . RIA Crimea (December 26, 2015).
- ↑ [1] [2] [3]
- ↑ The Crimean energy system is ready to receive energy through the energy bridge from the Kuban . rusplt.ru. Date of treatment November 29, 2015.
- ↑ The first megawatts went along the energy bridge from the Kuban to the Crimea . RIA Crimea (November 27, 2015).
- ↑ Krymenergo: Crimea has completed preparations for the launch of the energy bridge . RIA Crimea (November 29, 2015). Date of treatment February 25, 2016.
- ↑ Krymenergo: readiness to receive the 2nd stage of the energy bridge is above 50% . RIA Crimea (December 25, 2015).
- ↑ Workshops were held on the construction of the second phase of the energy bridge in the Crimea . RosInvest.Com (February 19, 2016). Date of treatment February 19, 2016.
- ↑ Attention, Kerch people! Connect the third branch of the energy bridge! . KERCH.COM.RU (February 27, 2016). Date of treatment February 27, 2016.
- ↑ The Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation plans to launch the second phase of the energy bridge in Crimea in the spring . RIA Crimea (March 1, 2016). Date of treatment March 1, 2016.
- ↑ Alexander Novak inspected the construction projects of the second stage of the energy bridge in the Crimea . Ministry of Energy (March 4, 2016). Date of treatment March 5, 2016.
- ↑ The third chain of the energy bridge in Crimea will work on April 14 . Vedomosti (April 14, 2016). Date of appeal April 14, 2016.
- ↑ Novak - the third string of the energy bridge in the Crimea was commissioned _ RIA Crimea
- ↑ Yu. Goyarchuk. Information on the situation with energy supply in the Crimean Federal District (at 23-00 on May 5, 2016) (at 08-00 on May 6, 2016) (Moscow time) .
- ↑ 1 2 Meeting on the energy supply of Crimea . The official website of the President of Russia (May 11, 2016). Date of treatment May 11, 2016.
- ↑ The last string of the energy bridge launched in Crimea . RIA Novosti (May 11, 2016). Date of treatment May 11, 2016.
- ↑ Vladimir Putin launched the last, fourth string of the energy bridge to the Crimea . The newspaper Izvestia (May 11, 2016). Date of treatment May 11, 2016.
- ↑ An energy bridge in the Crimea was built 1.5-2 years faster than the plan . Interfax (May 11, 2016). Date of treatment May 11, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 In the Rostov Region, a new power line is connected to the fourth power unit of the NPP . TASS (February 28, 2018). Date of treatment March 23, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Cyril Borodin. SO UES provided operational conditions for inclusion in the operation of the 500 kV overhead line Rostov NPP - Rostov NPP . energo-news.ru (February 27, 2018). Date of treatment February 27, 2018.
- ↑ Information and Public Relations Department of Rostov NPP. Rostov NPP: at power unit No. 4, the capacity was increased to 75% (March 12, 2018). Date of treatment March 23, 2018.
- ↑ Construction has been completed and commissioning has begun on 500 kV OHL Rostovskaya - Andreevskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya . minenergo.gov.ru . Ministry of Energy (May 30, 2018). Date of appeal May 31, 2018.
- ↑ Map of Energomost facilities (Inaccessible link) . Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation (2015). Date of treatment October 23, 2015. Archived November 27, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 " Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 09.09.2015 N 627" On approval of the scheme and program for the development of the Unified Energy System of Russia for 2015 - 2021 " (inaccessible link) . Consultant Plus. Date of appeal October 22, 2015. Archived March 4, 2016.
- ↑ Crimean authorities promise: there will be no more blackouts . KERCH.COM.RU (December 22, 2014). Date of treatment December 22, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P O S T A N O V L E N I E of June 15, 2015 No. 589 . Government of the Russian Federation. - On amendments to the federal target program Social and economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol until 2020 '. Date of treatment June 30, 2015.
- ↑ On the preparations for the passage by the subjects of the electric power industry of the autumn-winter period 2015-2016 in the Southern Federal District (Unavailable link) (September 24, 2015). Date of treatment October 22, 2015. Archived November 25, 2015.
- ↑ Andrey Cherezov monitored the progress of construction of electric grid facilities in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory . Ministry of Energy (January 25, 2018). Date of treatment March 23, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia No. 669 (July 14, 2016). Date of treatment November 21, 2016.
- ↑ 583 million rubles were allocated for the design of a high-voltage line from the Rostov region to Taman as part of the construction of an energy bridge in the Crimea . rostender.info. Date of treatment November 24, 2015.
- ↑ minenergo.gov.ru. Andrey Cherezov held a meeting on the construction of electric grid facilities in the Rostov Region . EnergyBase (April 11, 2017). Date of treatment August 11, 2017.
- ↑ In the Rostov region completed the section of the energy bridge in the Crimea
- ↑ New consumers and generation of more than 1.2 GW connected in the South of Russia , Ministry of Energy of Russia, 02.29.2016
- ↑ The connection of new lines from Taman for the first time since the blockade completely removed the restrictions on the power supply to Crimean consumers . Kryminform (April 19, 2016). Date of treatment May 6, 2016.
- ↑ Student construction teams of FGC UES will help in the construction of energy facilities in the Krasnodar Territory . FGC UES (July 15, 2015). Date of treatment October 24, 2015.
- ↑ For the energy bridge, equipment is used taking into account the seismicity of the Crimea . RIA Crimea (August 21, 2015). Date of treatment February 19, 2016.
- ↑ JSC FGC UES has completed the construction of the 220 kV Vyshesteblievskaya substation and the 220 kV power transmission line Slavyanskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya . FGC UES (March 17, 2010). Date of treatment July 6, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 PS Vyshesteblievskaya . EnergoProekt. Date of treatment July 6, 2015.
- ↑ MES of the South began construction of approaches to the 220 kV Kubanskaya Vyshesteblievskaya line at the 220 kV Buzhora substation . chelzeo.ru. Date of treatment July 6, 2015.
Links
- Energy System of Crimea , Ministry of Energy of Russia
- Development of the electric grid complex of the KFD , Ministry of Energy of Russia
- Procurement: the right to conclude an agreement on the design of the construction and design documentation, preparation and approval of documentation for the planning of the territory, development of design documentation, design documentation for the title: 500 kV overhead line Rostov - Andreevskaya - Vyshesteblievskaya (Taman)