Brazilian-Mexican Relations

On March 9, 1825, diplomatic relations were established between Brazil and Mexico, two years after the independence of Brazil. In 1831, both countries opened diplomatic missions in the capitals of each other ^[1] . In the 1860s, they were the only Latin American countries with a monarchical regime. The Brazilian emperor Pedro II and the Mexican emperor Maximilian I were cousins. In 1914, Brazil was part of a regional group called the ABC Block (together with Argentina and Chile ), while these three countries were the richest and most influential in South America . In the same year, the ABC bloc intervened in a diplomatic dispute between the United States of America and Mexico, which were on the brink of war over the American occupation of Veracruz . Representatives of the ABCh bloc met with representatives of the United States and Mexico in the Canadian city ​​of Niagara Falls to relieve tensions between the two countries and prevent the outbreak of war between them. From 1910 to 1920, diplomatic relations between Brazil and Mexico were severed due to the Mexican Revolution . In 1920, diplomatic relations were restored after Brazil recognized the new Mexican government. In 1922, diplomatic missions in the capitals were reorganized into embassies. During World War II, these countries became the only ones in Latin America that declared war on the Axis Countries and their allies and sent troops to conduct military operations abroad. Brazil sent an expeditionary force to Italy , and Mexico sent troops to the Philippines ^[1] .

In 2000, Mexican President Felipe Calderon said that Mexico wants to diversify its trade from over-reliance on the United States and hopes to sign a free trade agreement with Brazil. In 2009, Brazilian President Lula da Silva noted that there was a mistrust between the countries that needed to be overcome in order to increase trade. He suggested continuing high-level negotiations aimed at strengthening ties between the national oil companies of the two countries, Petrobras and Pemex ^[2] . In 2012, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto criticized Brazil’s reduction of Mexican-based quotas for cars and reiterated its desire to sign a free trade agreement. ^[3] In 2014, the volume of bilateral trade between the countries amounted to 9.2 billion US dollars ^[4] .