Derbenevsky Chemical Plant

Derbenevsky chemical plant was located at: Derbenevskaya street , house 20 ^[1] .

Derbenevsky Chemical Plant was established in 1878 as a chemical workshop. In 1896, a factory specializing in the manufacture of dyes was founded from the workshop, by the German company Farbenindustri (later the Hoechst concern) from Frankfurt am Main , ^[1] .

The plant received alizarin and intermediates from Germany, which were eventually processed ^[1] .

In 1912, the production proletariat went on strike in protest because of the Lena execution . Rosalia Zemlyachka also protested, one of the organizers of the Red Terror in the Crimea in 1920-1921. In 1917, workers from the factory joined the Red Guard detachments, they guarded the perimeter of the district, took part in the October Revolution ^{[1] [2]} .

Since 1918, according to the Decree on the nationalization of industry , the Farbwerke Society was renamed the Derbenevsky Chemical Plant. In the 1920s, a team led by academicians Vladimir Rodionov and M.A. Ilyinsky created recipes for the manufacture of azo dyes and intermediates. Later the plant was repaired, new equipment was supplied for it ^{[1] [2]} .

In 1941, the plant was evacuated due to the Great Patriotic War . He was focused on the manufacture of defense products. 500 employees went to the front, 120 of them died, a memorial tablet was installed in their memory at the factory. After the war, production technologies improved at the plant, equipment was improved, and new dyes were produced. In 1979, among the employees were: 600 drummers , 23 brigades of communist labor, 88 presented for awards. By 1980, plant materials were exported to 20 countries ^[1] .

In 1993, the plant was reorganized into JSC Koloros. In 2003, the Koloros was closed ^[2] .

Chemical Weapons

In 1915, the plant learned how to make phenol ; its production was 6,000 pounds per month. Phenol is used to create explosives . In the 1930s, the production of arsenic chemical warfare agents began : lewisite , diphenylchloroarsine and diphenylcyanarsine. In 1933, the capacity of diphenylchloroarsine was 1,200 tons per year. January 1, 1936, the productivity became 1220 tons per year, but in fact by 1936 the output amounted to 135 tons of diphenylchloroarsine ^[2] .

Derbenevsky Chemical Plant was located in the center of Moscow, near the sleeping areas, and was dealing with chemical weapons ^[3] . In 1965, at the direction of the Moscow City Executive Committee, the plant was moved from Moscow. The transportation process was divided into several stages. Firstly, the experimental workshop No. 4 is closed. In 1988, the production of benzidine was completed and the equipment from workshop No. 2 was dismantled. In 1992, shop No. 1 for the synthesis of dyes was closed ^[2] .

In 1978, the plant received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor ^[1] .