Tyulenev, Ivan Vladimirovich

Born in a soldier’s family of a participant in the Russian-Turkish war . In 1906 he graduated from three classes of a three-year rural school. In December 1906, his father took him to Simbirsk and left there to work as a laborer in a starch-syrup factory. However, soon due to small earnings, he returned to the village.

During the revolution of 1905, peasant unrest took place in the village, during which Prince Golitsyn's estate was burned. After that, repressions by the gendarmes and the army began in the village. Ivan Tyulenev's father had to escape from the village. Ivan himself in the summer of 1907 went to Astrakhan for fishing. In fisheries in the Caspian, Tyulenev worked until 1913 and returned to Shatrashany in the fall.

From where in October 1913 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army . He was appointed to the Baltic Fleet by the draft committee, but after checking the reliability, he was assigned to the 5th Dragoon Kargopol Regiment , which was located in Kazan . After the outbreak of the First World War, K. K. Rokossovsky began serving in the same regiment.

With the outbreak of World War I, the regiment was sent to the front in Poland . Ivan Tyulenev received baptism of fire in battles near the Pilitsa River. Subsequently, Tyulenev as part of the regiment took part in the battles of Krakow and Sandomierz . In May 1915, the 5th Cavalry Division , which included the Kargopol Regiment, landed from the echelons in the area of Panevezys and hit the enemy on the move, dropping it, and went on the offensive. The summer of 1915 the Kargopol regiment spent in heavy fighting near the Bzura River.

During the war, Ivan Tyulenev showed courage more than once and was four times awarded the St. George Cross ^[1] . In 1917 he graduated from the Chistopol School of Ensigns (1917), commanded a platoon in the 5th Kargopol Dragoon Regiment. After the February Revolution, he was elected by soldiers to the squadron and regimental soldiers' committees .

Civil War

With the beginning of the October Revolution in November 1917, Tyulenev joined the cavalry detachment of the Red Guard under the command of Shishkov, in which he was the commander of a platoon and squadron on the Eastern Front. From the creation of the Red Army , from February 1918 to December he served as platoon commander, then squadron in the 1st Moscow cavalry regiment . In December 1918 he was sent as a student to the Red Army Military Academy in Moscow . However, I had to study in fits and starts, students were often sent to the front. So, since May 1919 he served as an assistant chief of staff of the 4th Cavalry Division on the Southern Front . In August 1919, Tyulenev was appointed head of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the cavalry corps S. M. Budenny , and from November 1919 to February 1920 - the head of the intelligence department of the 1st Cavalry Army . In February 1920, he was appointed commander of the cavalry brigade in the 4th cavalry division of the 1st Cavalry Army, with which he fought on the Western Front in Poland.

Since December 1920, he studied again at the military academy. During the Kronstadt uprising (March 1921) was the commander of the 137th Minsk Infantry Regiment , participated in the suppression of the uprising. In the summer and autumn of 1921 he participated in the suppression of the Tambov uprising , from May to October, he served as commander of the 15th Siberian Cavalry Division and commanded the 1st Cavalry Brigade.

After graduating from the academy in October 1922, Tyulenev was appointed to the post of commander of a separate cavalry brigade in the Moscow Military District , and in July 1924 he received the 14th Maykop Cavalry Division . Since November 1925, he was an inspector of cavalry and repairs of the North Caucasus Military District ; Since August 1926, he was the head of the S. M. Budenny Ukrainian Cavalry School. Since November 1927 - commander of the 2nd separate cavalry brigade in the Caucasian Red Banner Army . In 1929 he graduated from the Advanced Training Courses of the highest commanding staff, and in 1930 - the courses of party and political training of commanders-single-commanders at the Military-Political Academy named after N. G. Tolmacheva .

Since November 1930 - commander and commissar of the 1st separate Special Cavalry Brigade named after I.V. Stalin. Since November 1931 - assistant inspector of the cavalry of the Red Army. From July 1934, he was the head of the Horse Composition Directorate of the Red Army, from December 1934, he was the head of the department of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR for the repair of horsemen (from December 1934). Since February 1936 - Deputy Inspector of the Red Army cavalry. Since February 1938 - commander of the troops and member of the Military Council of the Transcaucasian Military District ; On October 7, 1938, he was also approved as a member of the Military Council at the People’s Commissar of Defense of the USSR ^[2] .

In early September 1939, he was urgently summoned to Kiev and appointed commander of the troops of the Cavalry Army Group of the Kiev Special Military District . On September 16, he was appointed commander of the forces of the Kamenetz-Podilsky army group of the Ukrainian Front , September 20 - the commander of the troops of the Southern Army Group of the Ukrainian Front , and September 24 - the commander of the 12th Army . At these posts he spent the Polish campaign of the Red Army in September 1939. After the end of hostilities and the deployment of troops in the occupied territories in October 1939, he returned to the duties of commander of the troops of the Transcaucasian Military District. In June 1940 , with the introduction of general ranks in the Red Army, Tyulenev became one of the first three Soviet army generals , along with G.K. Zhukov and K.A. Meretskov .

Since August 1940 - Commander of the troops of the Moscow Military District .

Southern Front

June 21, 1941, with the creation of a new front, Tyulenev was appointed commander of the Southern Front ; at the end of June he arrived at the theater of operations. He led a defensive operation in Moldova and the Tiraspol-Melitopol defensive operation . Under the onslaught of the enemy, the front retreated. In a directive to the Military Council of the South-West direction of August 12, 1941, Stalin pointed out to Budenny ^[3] :

Komfronta Tyulenev proved insolvent. He does not know how to advance, but he also does not know how to withdraw troops. He lost two armies in a way that even regiments do not lose. I suggest you go immediately to Tyulenev, to personally understand the situation and report immediately on the defense plan. Nikolaev it is impossible to hand over. It is necessary to take all measures to evacuate Nikolaev and, if necessary, organize an explosion of shipyards and factories.

Neither aviation, nor rifle divisions, the Headquarters at the moment can not help. If the situation dictates, you can take on the task of withdrawing units and organizing defense.

Be sure to coordinate the actions of the front with the actions of the Black Sea Fleet and keep in touch with the October. It seems to me that Tyulenev is demoralized and unable to lead the front.

In heavy battles near Dnepropetrovsk on August 29, 1941, Tyulenev was seriously wounded and was treated at the Central Military Hospital in Moscow until October 13 .

Reserve Army

After the cure, Tyulenev was sent to the Ural Military District with the task of forming 14 rifle and 6 cavalry divisions within 2 months, as well as training the personnel of the divisions in modern warfare. In November 1941, part of the divisions was formed and formed the basis of the 28th reserve army , the commander of which was appointed army general Tyulenev. After completion of the formation, the army was transferred to the reserve of the Supreme Command Headquarters, the army occupied the rear defense line along the Rybinsk - Uglich - Pereslavl-Zalessky - Shuya line . The depth of defense was limited by the Yaroslavl - Kostroma - Ivanovo line .

Caucasus ^[4]

In February 1942, Tyulenev first received the appointment to the post of deputy commander in chief of the South-West direction, and a few days later he was appointed commander of the Transcaucasian Front , whose headquarters was located in Tbilisi . Upon arrival at the place Tyulenev took up the reformation of the defensive lines. Given that the possibility of an invasion from Turkey , as well as the apparent weakness of the Sulak River boundaries, had not been taken into account, Tyulenev insisted on creating defense lines in the area of ​​the Terek and Grozny River . The defense of the Main Caucasian Range was strengthened. The events of the summer of 1942 confirmed the correctness of the decision of the commander. On August 8, the Northern Group of the Transcaucasian Front with command in Grozny was formed for operational command and control of troops.

In the summer of 1942, the battle for the Caucasus began . The fighting went on in the Kuban , in Novorossiysk , on the Main Caucasus Range. The enemy was eager for the Baku oil fields. The rangers of the 1st Mountain Division managed to hoist the Nazi flag on Elbrus . However, the defense, built under the leadership of Tyulenev, survived ^{[Note. 1]} . Hitler's troops failed to fulfill the main task: to break through to the oil fields of Grozny and Baku .

In January 1943, the Transcaucasian Front launched an offensive on Krasnodar and Novorossiysk . During the offensive, it was possible to land an assault in Myskhako and seize a bridgehead (known as the "Small Land", including from Brezhnev's memoirs). After the transfer of the Black Sea Group of Forces to the North Caucasus Front, the Transcaucasian Front remained to provide defense for the southern borders of the USSR .

After the war

Since July 1945, Ivan Tyulenev commanded the troops of the Kharkov Military District . In July 1946, he was appointed Inspector General of the Cavalry of the Main Inspection of the USSR Ground Forces . From February 1947 to June 1948 - as deputy commander of the cavalry of the Ground Forces. From June 1948 to May 1953 he was first chairman of the infantry tactical committee of the Ground Forces, and from May 1953 he was chairman of the infantry tactical committee of the Main Directorate of Combat and Physical Training of the Ground Forces. Since March 1955 - Head of the Department of Non-Military Training of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Ground Forces. Since May 1958 - in the Group of Inspectors General of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR .

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR on February 21, 1978 :

For the skillful leadership of the troops, personal courage and bravery shown in the fight against Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War, a great contribution to the preparation and increase of combat readiness of the troops in the post-war period and in connection with the 60th anniversary of the Soviet Army and Navy .

Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev died on August 15, 1978. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow .

• Division Commander (11/20/1935)
• comcor (02.22.1938)
• 2nd rank commander (02/08/1939)
• army general (06/04/1940)

Awards of the Russian Empire

• St. George medal of 4 degrees (order on the 5th Kargopol regiment of August 3, 1915 No. 118 § 1);
• 3rd degree St. George’s Cross No. 91405 (order according to the 5th Kargopol Regiment of November 10, 1915 No. 156 § 3);
• St. George Cross of the 2nd degree (order on the 5th Kargopol Regiment of June 26, 1916 No. 119 + § 6);
• St. George Cross of the 4th degree (order according to the 5th Kargopol regiment of July 9, 1916 No. 126 + § 6);
• Cross of St. George of the 1st degree (order according to the 5th Kargopol regiment of February 5, 1917 No. 20 + § 6).

USSR Awards

• The Gold Star Medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union No. 11295 (02.21.1978);
• four orders of Lenin (02.22.1941, 02.21.1945, 1962, 02.21.1978);
• Order of the October Revolution (1972);
• five orders of the Red Banner (04.25.1921, 05.27.1921, 02.13.1930, 11.3.1944, 1947);
• Order of Kutuzov 1st degree (01/28/1943);
• Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree (04/30/1975);
• the medal "For Military Valor" to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ;
• medal "For the Defense of Odessa" ;
• Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus" ;
• medal "For the victory over Germany" ;
• medal “20 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945” ;
• medal "30 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ;
• medal "Veteran of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• medal "XX years of the Red Army" ;
• medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and Navy" ;
• medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ;
• medal “In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow” ;
• badge "25 years of victory in the Great Patriotic War";
• An honorary weapon with a golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR (02.22.1968).

Foreign Awards

• Order of the Red Banner ( MPR );
• Medal “In memory of the 25th anniversary of the Victory of 1941” ( Ethiopia );
• medal "25 years of victory over fascism" ( Belgium );
• medal “30 years of Khalkhin-Gol Victory” (MPR);
• Medal “50 years of the Mongolian People’s Revolution” (MPR);
• Medal “50th Anniversary of the Mongolian People’s Army” (MPR);
• Sino-Soviet Friendship Medal ( PRC );
• Antifascist Medal ( GDR );
• Medal "For Strengthening Friendship in Arms" 1st degree ( Czechoslovakia );
• Garibaldi Medal ( Italy ).

Named after I.V. Tyulenev:

• Avenue in Ulyanovsk ;
• General Tyulenev Street in Moscow .

• “The military glory of the Soviet cavalry” - M., 1949.
• “The collapse of Operation Edelweiss” - Ordzhonikidze, 1975.
• "Organization and methods of training a squadron" - M., 1938.
• First Horse in battles for a socialist homeland: essay on hostilities . - M .: State Military Publishing House of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, 1938. - 216 p.
• "The Soviet cavalry in the battles for their homeland" - M., 1957.
• “Through Three Wars” - Moscow: Military Publishing, 1972 (reprinted in 2007 by Centerpolygraph Publishing House ISBN 978-5-9524-2704-4 ).

• Army General Tyulenev: Moscow in the life of a commander: Collection of documents and materials. M. 2005.
• Team of authors . The Great Patriotic War. The commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary / Under the General Ed. M. G. Vozhakina . - M .; Zhukovsky: Kuchkovo Field, 2005 .-- S. 230—231. - ISBN 5-86090-113-5 .
• A team of compilers and editors. Military Council at the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. 1938, 1940: Documents and materials .. - M .: ROSSPEN , 2006. - 336 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-8243-0694-X .
• Soloviev D. Yu. All the generals of Stalin. - M., 2019 .-- ISBN 9785532106444 .

• Tyulenev, Ivan Vladimirovich (Russian) . Site " Heroes of the country ".
• Army General Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev on the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation