Evert Izbrant (Izbrantzoon) Edes ( Dutch Evert Ysbrants (Ysbrandszoon) Ides ; in Russia he was called Elizaris Elizariev son Izbrant ( 1657 - 1708 ) - a native of Gluckstadt in Holstein, he traded in Russia from 1677, from 1687 he settled permanently by going in to a group of foreign merchants deeply rooted in Russia - the so-called “Moscow foreign merchants.” [2] Tsars Ivan Alekseevich and Peter Alekseevich were sent to Beijing to Bogdykhan at the head of the embassy 1692 - 1695 to clarify the situation with the ratification of the Nerchinsk Treaty . Known as author of travel books . and through Siberia and compiler of the geographic map of Siberia in Russia, received the first letters patent - the "privilege" for the publication of maps and books about Siberia [3] .
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Content
Embassy from Moscow to China
During his journey through Siberia, he kept a diary, which in extracts was published in Europe in 1696 [4] .
“When traveling through Siberia, the Elected showed curiosity and inquisitiveness; he reports many interesting observations made by him on the spot during the journey. It is possible to admit on the part of Edes some literary and especially cartographic preparation, which he undertook on his journey; for example, he used the Witsen map and noted on it the inaccuracies and errors he noticed (on the basis of the materials he collected in this way, the map was corrected and reduced to a description of Edes's journey; it was reissued in 1727 as an appendix to the French translation). However, on the other hand, the value of the information reported by Edes lies precisely in their immediate freshness, since they do not repeat the previous data, but are based on personal observations ”( Alekseev MP Sibir ..., 2006. P. 422).
A few years later he was already a well-known foreign merchant and entered freely into the homes of the richest and most notable Russians. When in 1692 the Russian government decided to send an embassy to China to negotiate the establishment of trade relations between Russia and China , the Dutchman set himself the goal of becoming one of the Moscow ambassadors. He submitted a petition to the sovereigns Ivan Alekseevich and Peter Alekseevich , proposing his candidacy. The sovereigns agreed.
During a trip to China, from 1692 to 1695, Edes kept a travel diary in which he wrote down everything that interested him - his impressions of what he saw, which he learned from local residents. He collected information about nature, history, hot springs, unusual stones, the ruins of ancient settlements.
His Notes were first published in Dutch in Amsterdam in 1704. Description of his journey ( Evert Ysbrants Ides (1657–1708 / 9), also known as Adam Brand Three Years Travels from Moscow Over-land to China, London: W. Freeman et al., 1706 ")
Artwork
Russian translations of the Notes of Edes
- The first Russian translation in Novikovskaya "Ancient Russian Vivlofik", T. VIII and IX.
- (Excerpts) Alekseev M.P. Siberia in the news of Western European travelers and writers. XIII-XVII centuries T. 1. Part 2. Irkutsk, 1936. S. 139-151.
- 3rd edition: Alekseev M.P. Siberia in the news of Western European travelers and writers. XIII-XVII centuries Novosibirsk, 2006.S. 418-431.
- Full translation: Elect Edes and Adam Brand. Notes on the Russian Embassy in China (1692-1695) / Entry. article, trans. and comment. M.I. Kazanina. M .: GRVL, 1967. 404 p.
Other
- Map of Edes.
- Nova Tabula Imperii Russici ex omnium ... multum emendavit Everardus Ysbrants Ides. copper engraving 50.5 x 68 cm. 1704. Reproduced in: Cordt. Materials ..., Ser. 2. issue. 1, map XXVI.
- Reduced engraving of the Edes map, copper engraving 43 x 55 cm., In French in Recuel de voiages au Nord. Amsterdam, 1727. T. VIII. Reproduced in . : Imaginary Siberia. Geographical drawings and maps of the XVI-XVIII centuries from the collection of Alexei Bulatov. Tobolsk, 2006.L. 29.
- Zolnikova N.D. Search D.L. Polyansky and the “Letters” of Elected Edes // Journalism and Historical Works of the Feudal Period. Novosibirsk, 1989.
- A fragment of Edes's "letter" is reproduced in . : Imaginary Siberia. Geographical drawings and maps of the XVI-XVIII centuries from the collection of Alexei Bulatov. Tobolsk, 2006.L. 30.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ Zakharov V.N. West European merchants in Russia. The era of Peter I. M: ROSPEN, 1996.P. 45, 318. ISBN 5-86004-056-3
- ↑ Ides I. and Brand A. Notes on the Russian Embassy in China (1692-1695) / Art. and comment. M.I. Kazanina. M., GRVL, 1967.S. 384-385
- ↑ Kordt V.A. Materials on the history of Russian cartography. Kiev, 1906. Ser. 2, no. 1, p. 27.
Links
- Ysbrants Ides, Evert Dreyjährige Reise nach China, von Moscau ab zu Lande durch gross Ustiga, Siriania, Permia, Sibirien, Daour und die grosse Tartarey; gethan durch den moscovitischen Abgesandten Herrn E. Yssbrants Jdes . ETH-Bibliothek. Date of treatment October 25, 2013.
- Edes, Elected unopened . Eastern literature . Date of treatment March 10, 2011. Archived on August 23, 2011.
- Izbrantes, Evert-Edes // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.