Atlantococcal joint ( lat. Articulatio atlanto-occipitalis ) - a joint formed by two condyles of the occipital bone and the superior articular fossa of the atlas [1] .
| Atlantooccipital joint | |
|---|---|
| lat Articulatio atlanto-occipitalis | |
 The joint projection and the anterior atlantooccipital membrane are depicted in the upper part of the figure. | |
 The posterior atlantooccipital membrane is shown in the upper part of the figure. | |
| Catalogs | |
Anatomy
The atlantooccipital joint is formed by the condyles of the occipital bone ( lat. Condyli occipitales ) and the superior articular fossa of the atlas ( lat. Fovea articulares superior ). Auxiliary ligaments of this joint are [2] [3] :
1. The ( lat. Membrana atlanto-occipitalis anterior ), which is stretched between the front edge of the large occipital foramen and the upper edge of the anterior arch of the atlas . Behind it is the anterior atlantooccipital ligament ( lat. Ligamentum atlanto-occipitalis anterior ) stretched between the occipital bone and the middle part of the anterior arch of the atlas;
2. ( lat. Membrana atlanto-occipitalis posterior ) is located between the posterior edge of the occipital foramen and the upper edge of the posterior arch of the 1st cervical vertebra. There is an opening in the membrane through which the nerves and vertebral artery pass [4] .
Biomechanics
Both pairs of mating surfaces are enclosed in articular capsules. Movements in both joints occur simultaneously. In the atlanto-occipital joints, movements are carried out in two projections - nodding, that is, flexion and extension of the head back and forth and tilting the head to the right and left [3] . These formations normally provide 23 ° –24.5 ° bending of the head and 3.4 ° –5.5 ° of its bending to the sides [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Weight gain, 1998 , p. 71.
- ↑ Sinelnikov, 1996 , p. 145.
- ↑ 1 2 Weight gain, 1998 , p. 72.
- ↑ 1 2 Lopez AJ, Scheer J. Leibl KE et al. Anatomy and biomechanics of the craniovertebral junction // Neurosurg. Focus - 2015. - T. 38 , No. 4 . - C. E2 .
Literature
- Weight M.G., Lysenkov N.K., Bushkovich V.I. Human anatomy. - 11th ed .. - St. Petersburg. : Hippocrates, 1998 .-- 704 p. - ISBN 5-8232-0192-3 .
- Sinelnikov R. D., Sinelnikov Y. R. Atlas of human anatomy. - 2nd ed .. - M .: Medicine, 1996. - T. 1. - 344 p. - ISBN 5-225-02721-0 .